Winter Malaria, Urban Environmental Mismanagement and Climate Change in Khartoum City, Sudan

This study investigates malaria incidence during the hot-wet summer (June to September) and cool-dry winter (January to March) seasons in Khartoum, Sudan. Using data on malaria cases, LandScan gridded population data, and temperature data from the Global Historical Climatology Network, malaria incidence in Khartoum city in 2015 was 1,629.2 per 100,000 population in cool-dry winter months compared to 924.7 in hot-wet summer months, with temperatures rising faster in the winter season. Future research should focus on poor urban sanitation and water infrastructures that supply breeding grounds for the mosquito vector and overcrowding that may exacerbate the mosquito-human malaria transmission cycle.