@article{ab3ee5d7df214c0182fc54afad18a2d5,
title = "Walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis",
abstract = "We used data from 3227 older adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2004-2012) to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors. In cross-sectional analyses, linear regression was used to estimate associations of Street Smart Walk Score{\textregistered} with glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference, while logistic regression was used to estimate associations with odds of metabolic syndrome. Econometric fixed effects models were used to estimate longitudinal associations of changes in walkability with changes in each risk factor among participants who moved residential locations between 2004 and 2012 (n=583). Most cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were small and statistically non-significant. We found limited evidence that higher walkability was cross-sectionally associated with lower blood pressure but that increases in walkability were associated with increases in triglycerides and blood pressure over time. Further research over longer time periods is needed to understand the potential for built environment interventions to improve cardiometabolic health.",
keywords = "Built environment, Cardiometabolic risk, Metabolic syndrome, Residential relocation, Walkability",
author = "Braun, {Lindsay M.} and Rodr{\'i}guez, {Daniel A.} and Evenson, {Kelly R.} and Hirsch, {Jana A.} and Moore, {Kari A.} and {Diez Roux}, {Ana V.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research received support from the Population Research Training grant ( T32 HD007168 ) and the Population Research Infrastructure Program ( R24 HD050924 ) awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Funding Information: The Walk Score{\textregistered} was developed using financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation and the RWJF ( 12115 and 12116 ). We thank Amanda Dudley for support with license agreements and data acquisition. Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (Grant NIH 2R01 HL071759 ) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Active Living Research Program (Grant 52319 ). The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (Grant contracts N01-HC-95159 , N01-HC-95160 , N01-HC-95161 , N01-HC-95162 , N01-HC-95163 , N01-HC-95164 , N01-HC-95165 , and N01-HC-95166 ) and by the National Center for Research Resources (Grant contracts UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079 ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Ltd.",
year = "2016",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.02.006",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "9--17",
journal = "Health and Place",
issn = "1353-8292",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}