Using Experience-Based Participatory Approach to Design Interactive Voice User Interfaces for Delivering Physical Activity Programs with Older Adults

Voice User Interfaces (VUIs) are popular among older adults, who find them easy to use and perceive them as social companions. However, there is a lack of research on voice-based applications to support physical activities for older adults. To address this gap, we present "Workout Pal,"a voice agent designed to deliver physical activities to older adults. We conducted a mixed-methods study involving ten older adults to understand their perceptions and design priorities when interacting with Workout Pal. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to assess their experience, while experience-based co-design sessions facilitated collaboration in exploring the design space and identifying design requirements. Our findings highlight the feasibility and design preferences for smart speaker-based physical activity programs. The study contributes by sharing the design and development of Workout Pal, illustrating a novel co-design approach with older adults, and providing design implications tailored to the specific needs of older adults. The design guidelines emphasize the importance of sociability, voice design, and individualization. This research supports the development of elder-friendly VUIs helping older adults live independently and engage in physical activities.