Use of in-situ observations of arctic clouds to understand impacts of mixed-phase clouds on single-scattering: Properties: Applications to climate models

The in-situ measurements to examine nature of phase mixing and contributions of water and ice to mixed-phase single-scattering in the Arctic are discussed. To characterize the nature of in-situ observations in context of physical processes which lead to production and dissipation of clouds, lidar, radar and radiometer data are used. The mean scattering properties of observed clouds are derived by weighting single-scattering properties of ice crystals and water droplets. Plane-parallel radiative transfer model is used to show differences in cloud radiative forcing.