Updating energy and labor intensities for non-input-output years

This paper presents a technique for estimating energy or labor intensities by using up-to-date direct energy or labor data and output data with input-output data from previous years. By assuming that input-output relationships are constant for short periods of time after estimation, this technique allows calculation of energy and labor intensities that are more representative of the state of the economy than those formulated in base years. Results of this study indicate that the estimation technique employed yields valid results. In addition, an analysis of energy and labor intensity values through time suggests that these values are highly correlated with changes in underlying economic variables.