Understanding the dynamics and structure of epigenetic states with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy

Epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating gene expression among a host of other factors during cell development. The plasticity of epigenetic modifications has the potential to direct a cell in relation to environmental factors to its destined state. Therefore, understanding different epigenetic states is crucial for dissecting the gene regulatory mechanisms. With the recent advances in single-molecule tools, monitoring the dynamics of epigenetic regulation and quantification has become possible. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in single-molecule fluorescence tools in gaining new insights into the epigenetic regulation and its relation to chromatin conformation.