TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrasonography of the bovine mammary gland
AU - Trostle, Steven S.
AU - O'Brien, Robert T.
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Ultrasonography is the most definitive and least invasive modality for imaging the bovine mammary gland. Ultrasonographic imaging is easy to perform in the gland, and ultrasonographic contrast studies may be accomplished with saline when indicated. Familiarity with the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the mammary gland and teat is essential for diagnosing pathologic conditions. Ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosing pathologic conditions in both the teat and gland, including supernumerary and webbed (or conjoined) teats, atresia, fibrosis, obstructive lesions, fistulas, and mastitis. In addition, ultrasonographic examination augments surgical planning and therapy as well as follow-up. This article reviews ultrasound equipment, including standard features and image-storage capabilities; imaging techniques, including patient preparation and the use of standoff devices; ultrasonographic anatomy of the bovine mammary gland, including the gland cistern, teat cistern, and teat wall; and the application of ultrasonography in pathologic conditions of the bovine mammary gland.
AB - Ultrasonography is the most definitive and least invasive modality for imaging the bovine mammary gland. Ultrasonographic imaging is easy to perform in the gland, and ultrasonographic contrast studies may be accomplished with saline when indicated. Familiarity with the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the mammary gland and teat is essential for diagnosing pathologic conditions. Ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosing pathologic conditions in both the teat and gland, including supernumerary and webbed (or conjoined) teats, atresia, fibrosis, obstructive lesions, fistulas, and mastitis. In addition, ultrasonographic examination augments surgical planning and therapy as well as follow-up. This article reviews ultrasound equipment, including standard features and image-storage capabilities; imaging techniques, including patient preparation and the use of standoff devices; ultrasonographic anatomy of the bovine mammary gland, including the gland cistern, teat cistern, and teat wall; and the application of ultrasonography in pathologic conditions of the bovine mammary gland.
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M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:0039181156
VL - 20
SP - S64-S71
JO - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian
JF - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian
SN - 0193-1903
IS - 2 PART 1
ER -