Ultrasonically tissue�mimicking liver including the frequency dependence of backscatter

Tissue-mimicking (TM) liver, previously reported by our laboratory, mimics the speed of sound, density, and attenuation coefficient (including frequency dependence) of liver; however, scatter properties are only qualitively simulated. Two new versions of TM liver are reported here which not only mimic liver with respect to speed of sound, density, and attenuation coefficient, but also with respect to backscatter coefficients, including the frequency dependence of the latter. Composition, methods of production, and comparisons of ultrasonic properties with those found in the literature for human liver are presented.