TY - JOUR
T1 - Turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles
T2 - Part I. Model development and validation
AU - Bai, Hua
AU - Thomas, Brian G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMI-98-00274) and the Continuous Casting Consortium at UIUC, including Allegheny Ludlum (Brackenridge, PA), Armco Inc. (Middletown, OH), Columbus Stainless (South Africa), Inland Steel Corp. (East Chicago, IN), LTV Steel (Cleveland, OH), and Stollberg, Inc. (Niagara Falls, NY), for their continued support of our research; AEA technology for use of the CFX4.2 package; and the National Center
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - The quality of continuous-cast steel is greatly affected by the flow pattern in the mold, which depends mainly on the jets flowing from the outlet ports in casting with submerged tundish nozzles. An Eulerian multiphase model using the finite-difference program CFX has been applied to study the three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent flow of liquid steel with argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles. Part I of this two-part article describes the model formulation, grid refinement, convergence strategies, and validation of this model. Equations to quantify average jet properties at the nozzle exit are presented. Most of the gas exits the upper portion of the nozzle port, while the main downward swirling flow contains very little gas. Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed on a 0.4-scale water model to determine the detailed nature of the swirling velocity profile exiting the nozzle. Predictions with the computational model agree well with the PIV measurements. The computational model is suitable for simulating dispersed bubbly flows, which exist for a wide range of practical gas injection rates. The model is used for extensive parametric studies of the effects of casting operation conditions and nozzle design, which are reported in Part II of this two-part article.
AB - The quality of continuous-cast steel is greatly affected by the flow pattern in the mold, which depends mainly on the jets flowing from the outlet ports in casting with submerged tundish nozzles. An Eulerian multiphase model using the finite-difference program CFX has been applied to study the three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent flow of liquid steel with argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles. Part I of this two-part article describes the model formulation, grid refinement, convergence strategies, and validation of this model. Equations to quantify average jet properties at the nozzle exit are presented. Most of the gas exits the upper portion of the nozzle port, while the main downward swirling flow contains very little gas. Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed on a 0.4-scale water model to determine the detailed nature of the swirling velocity profile exiting the nozzle. Predictions with the computational model agree well with the PIV measurements. The computational model is suitable for simulating dispersed bubbly flows, which exist for a wide range of practical gas injection rates. The model is used for extensive parametric studies of the effects of casting operation conditions and nozzle design, which are reported in Part II of this two-part article.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11663-001-0049-z
DO - 10.1007/s11663-001-0049-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0035305638
SN - 1073-5615
VL - 32
SP - 253
EP - 267
JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
IS - 2
M1 - 49
ER -