@article{e7edef582be147b39e185107c1c304f2,
title = "Travertine-based estimates of the amount of water supplied by ancient Rome's Anio Novus aqueduct",
abstract = "Although popular with modern scholars, ancient flow rate measurements in Rome's aqueducts are unreliable since they only recorded flow section, not velocity. Use of limestone deposits - called travertine - as a record of wetted perimeter, enabled the first estimation of actual flows in Rome's Anio Novus aqueduct. Final flows reaching Rome, in the presence of thick travertine deposits, were significantly smaller, at 1.4±0.4m3/s (120,960±34,560m3/day), than previous maximum and minimum estimates. Lack of maintenance and/or changes in water use may have contributed to this difference. Even minimal travertine reduced the maximum flow rate by ~25%.",
keywords = "Anio Novus, Aqueduct, Quinaria, Rome, Travertine, Uniform flow, Water supply",
author = "Duncan Keenan-Jones and Davide Motta and Garcia, {Marcelo H.} and Fouke, {Bruce W.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the permission and assistance of the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma, especially Arch. Giacomo Restante. Financial support was provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through the Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities, the Italian Government, the late Dr. William and Mrs. Janet Gale, Macquarie University and the British Academy/British School at Rome. The support of the Chester and Helen Siess Professorship and the M.T. Geoffrey Yeh Chair in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Ltd.",
year = "2015",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.05.006",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "3",
pages = "1--10",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports",
issn = "2352-409X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}