Transfer printing techniques for materials assembly and micro/nanodevice fabrication

Transfer printing represents a set of techniques for deterministic assembly of micro-and nanomaterials into spatially organized, functional arrangements with two and three-dimensional layouts. Such processes provide versatile routes not only to test structures and vehicles for scientific studies but also to high-performance, heterogeneously integrated functional systems, including those in flexible electronics, three-dimensional and/or curvilinear optoelectronics, and bio-integrated sensing and therapeutic devices. This article summarizes recent advances in a variety of transfer printing techniques, ranging from the mechanics and materials aspects that govern their operation to engineering features of their use in systems with varying levels of complexity. A concluding section presents perspectives on opportunities for basic and applied research, and on emerging use of these methods in high throughput, industrial-scale manufacturing. Transfer printing represents a set of techniques for deterministic assembly of micro- and nanomaterials into spatially organized, functional arrangements. The results provide not only test structures for scientific study, but also routes to high-performance, heterogeneously integrated systems. This article summarizes recent advances in a variety of transfer printing techniques, from mechanics and materials aspects governing the operation, to engineering use in complex systems, to perspectives on high throughput, industrial-scale manufacturing.