TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of Ixodes scapularis, Borrelia burgdorferi and wildlife hosts in Lyme disease prevalence
T2 - A quantitative review
AU - Halsey, Samniqueka J.
AU - Allan, Brian F.
AU - Miller, James R.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank our undergraduate research assistants I. Bradley, K. Rola, N. Shah and A. Wendling who help extract data from the literature as well as the many researchers who collected said data over the years. We also thank the researchers who responded to queries regarding their research and for clarification of their data. The authors thank F. Keesing and R. Ostfeld for helpful feedback and comments which greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service , US Department of Agriculture , under project number ILLU 875-952.
Funding Information:
We would like to thank our undergraduate research assistants I. Bradley, K. Rola, N. Shah and A. Wendling who help extract data from the literature as well as the many researchers who collected said data over the years. We also thank the researchers who responded to queries regarding their research and for clarification of their data. The authors thank F. Keesing and R. Ostfeld for helpful feedback and comments which greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture, under project number ILLU 875-952.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier GmbH
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - Due to the ongoing expansion of Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick) throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States, there is need to identify the role wildlife hosts play in the establishment and maintenance of tick populations. To quantify and synthesize the patterns of I. scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and sensu lato prevalence relative to wildlife hosts, we reviewed the findings of independent studies conducted throughout the United States. We performed a comprehensive literature search from 1970 to 2017 using the ISS Web of Science Core Collection and the keywords “Ixodes scapularis,” “Ixodes dammini” and “Borrelia burgdorferi.” We identified 116 studies for inclusion in our meta-analysis, with 187,414 individual wildlife hosts captured and examined for I. scapularis and either the host or ticks collected subsequently tested for B. burgdorferi. We found that only 13% of the wildlife mammals sampled comprised species other than Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). To examine whether there were regional differences between the Northeast, Midwest and the Southeast U.S. in I. scapularis infestation rates on wildlife hosts, we used general linear models (glm), with post hoc pairwise comparisons. In most cases, detection of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi was significantly higher in the Northeast than the Midwest. Using data on host-specific I. scapularis infestation prevalence, B. burgdorferi prevalence in feeding larvae, and host permissiveness, we developed an epizootiological model to determine the relative contributions of individual hosts to B. burgdorferi-infected nymphs. Our model provides additional evidence that wildlife hosts other than P. leucopus may contribute more to Lyme disease risk than commonly thought. To aid in understanding the ecology of Lyme disease, we propose that additional studies sample non-Peromyscus spp. hosts to obtain more detailed tick and pathogen infestation and infection estimates, respectively, for these less frequently sampled wildlife hosts.
AB - Due to the ongoing expansion of Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick) throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States, there is need to identify the role wildlife hosts play in the establishment and maintenance of tick populations. To quantify and synthesize the patterns of I. scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and sensu lato prevalence relative to wildlife hosts, we reviewed the findings of independent studies conducted throughout the United States. We performed a comprehensive literature search from 1970 to 2017 using the ISS Web of Science Core Collection and the keywords “Ixodes scapularis,” “Ixodes dammini” and “Borrelia burgdorferi.” We identified 116 studies for inclusion in our meta-analysis, with 187,414 individual wildlife hosts captured and examined for I. scapularis and either the host or ticks collected subsequently tested for B. burgdorferi. We found that only 13% of the wildlife mammals sampled comprised species other than Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). To examine whether there were regional differences between the Northeast, Midwest and the Southeast U.S. in I. scapularis infestation rates on wildlife hosts, we used general linear models (glm), with post hoc pairwise comparisons. In most cases, detection of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi was significantly higher in the Northeast than the Midwest. Using data on host-specific I. scapularis infestation prevalence, B. burgdorferi prevalence in feeding larvae, and host permissiveness, we developed an epizootiological model to determine the relative contributions of individual hosts to B. burgdorferi-infected nymphs. Our model provides additional evidence that wildlife hosts other than P. leucopus may contribute more to Lyme disease risk than commonly thought. To aid in understanding the ecology of Lyme disease, we propose that additional studies sample non-Peromyscus spp. hosts to obtain more detailed tick and pathogen infestation and infection estimates, respectively, for these less frequently sampled wildlife hosts.
KW - Borrelia burgdorferi
KW - Epizootiological model
KW - Ixodes scapularis
KW - Lyme disease
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045546982&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85045546982&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.006
DO - 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29680260
AN - SCOPUS:85045546982
VL - 9
SP - 1103
EP - 1114
JO - Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
JF - Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
SN - 1877-959X
IS - 5
ER -