The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data

M. C. Miller; F. K. Lamb; A. J. Dittmann; S. Bogdanov; Z. Arzoumanian; K. C. Gendreau; S. Guillot; W. C.G. Ho; J. M. Lattimer; M. Loewenstein; S. M. Morsink; P. S. Ray; M. T. Wolff; C. L. Baker; T. Cazeau; S. Manthripragada; C. B. Markwardt; T. Okajima; S. Pollard; I. Cognard; H. T. Cromartie; E. Fonseca; L. Guillemot; M. Kerr; A. Parthasarathy; T. T. Pennucci; S. Ransom; I. Stairs

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac089b

The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data

M. C. Miller, F. K. Lamb, A. J. Dittmann, S. Bogdanov, Z. Arzoumanian, K. C. Gendreau, S. Guillot, W. C.G. Ho, J. M. Lattimer, M. Loewenstein, S. M. Morsink, P. S. Ray, M. T. Wolff, C. L. Baker, T. Cazeau, S. Manthripragada, C. B. Markwardt, T. Okajima, S. Pollard, I. CognardH. T. Cromartie, E. Fonseca, L. Guillemot, M. Kerr, A. Parthasarathy, T. T. Pennucci, S. Ransom, I. Stairs

Physics

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Abstract

PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M o˙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13.7-1.5+2.6 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M o˙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5-5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	L28
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	918
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac089b
State	Published - Sep 10 2021

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Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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Miller, M. C., Lamb, F. K., Dittmann, A. J., Bogdanov, S., Arzoumanian, Z., Gendreau, K. C., Guillot, S., Ho, W. C. G., Lattimer, J. M., Loewenstein, M., Morsink, S. M., Ray, P. S., Wolff, M. T., Baker, C. L., Cazeau, T., Manthripragada, S., Markwardt, C. B., Okajima, T., Pollard, S., ... Stairs, I. (2021). The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 918(2), [L28]. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac089b

Miller, MC, Lamb, FK, Dittmann, AJ, Bogdanov, S, Arzoumanian, Z, Gendreau, KC, Guillot, S, Ho, WCG, Lattimer, JM, Loewenstein, M, Morsink, SM, Ray, PS, Wolff, MT, Baker, CL, Cazeau, T, Manthripragada, S, Markwardt, CB, Okajima, T, Pollard, S, Cognard, I, Cromartie, HT, Fonseca, E, Guillemot, L, Kerr, M, Parthasarathy, A, Pennucci, TT, Ransom, S & Stairs, I 2021, 'The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 918, no. 2, L28. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac089b

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title = "The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data",

abstract = "PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M o˙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13.7-1.5+2.6 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M o˙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5-5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star.",

author = "Miller, {M. C.} and Lamb, {F. K.} and Dittmann, {A. J.} and S. Bogdanov and Z. Arzoumanian and Gendreau, {K. C.} and S. Guillot and Ho, {W. C.G.} and Lattimer, {J. M.} and M. Loewenstein and Morsink, {S. M.} and Ray, {P. S.} and Wolff, {M. T.} and Baker, {C. L.} and T. Cazeau and S. Manthripragada and Markwardt, {C. B.} and T. Okajima and S. Pollard and I. Cognard and Cromartie, {H. T.} and E. Fonseca and L. Guillemot and M. Kerr and A. Parthasarathy and Pennucci, {T. T.} and S. Ransom and I. Stairs",

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T1 - The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data

AU - Miller, M. C.

AU - Lamb, F. K.

AU - Dittmann, A. J.

AU - Bogdanov, S.

AU - Arzoumanian, Z.

AU - Gendreau, K. C.

AU - Guillot, S.

AU - Ho, W. C.G.

AU - Lattimer, J. M.

AU - Loewenstein, M.

AU - Morsink, S. M.

AU - Ray, P. S.

AU - Wolff, M. T.

AU - Baker, C. L.

AU - Cazeau, T.

AU - Manthripragada, S.

AU - Markwardt, C. B.

AU - Okajima, T.

AU - Pollard, S.

AU - Cognard, I.

AU - Cromartie, H. T.

AU - Fonseca, E.

AU - Guillemot, L.

AU - Kerr, M.

AU - Parthasarathy, A.

AU - Pennucci, T. T.

AU - Ransom, S.

AU - Stairs, I.

PY - 2021/9/10

Y1 - 2021/9/10

N2 - PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M o˙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13.7-1.5+2.6 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M o˙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5-5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star.

AB - PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M o˙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13.7-1.5+2.6 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M o˙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5-5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M o˙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M o˙ neutron star.

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JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

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The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data

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