The physics of quantum dots

An overview of the electronic and optical properties of the various types of quantum dots (QD) made of solid-state materials is presented. Whereas they share common physical characteristics such as small sizes and the ability to contain and manipulate few particles, QD's exhibit fundamental specificity in the manifestation of electron charge, spin, or single photon emission, each with their respective potential technological applications. In this context, five types of solid state QD's i.e. Planar QD’s, Vertical QD’s, Self-Assembled QD’s, Silicon Nanocrystals, and Colloidal QD's are addressed with their own physical properties. Comprehensive modeling techniques suited for each type of QD are briefly mentioned.