The need to be Superman: The psychosocial support challenges of young men affected by cancer

Purpose/Objectives: To investigate how gender-specific issues shape the experiences of young adult men with cancer and what they report to be problematic. Research Approach: A qualitative, descriptive approach. Setting: Website, focus group in the southwestern United States, and phone interviews throughout the United States. Participants: Text from an online forum (N = 3,000 posts), focus group of six men, and separate interviews with four men. Methodologic Approach: Data analysis took place over two months through constant comparison of online text as well as a focus group and interview transcripts. Findings: Men face challenges being both a receiver and provider of support in relationships with their peers, romantic partners, and children. Cultural expectations to "be strong" drive their support-seeking beliefs and behaviors. Conclusions: Men report conflict between desires to show strength and to be honest that present a barrier to support, as well as contribute to inadequate relationships with male peers and greater difficulty in exchanging support with romantic partners. Interpretation: The authors identified attitudes about and barriers to men's experiences with social support, which healthcare providers, such as nurses, should be sensitive to when developing and providing support.