@article{ce1359623fd24f769b075651c903490d,
title = "The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects",
abstract = "Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between-person effects from within-person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within-person effects or whether they reflect differences between people. We investigated the associations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). To get an impression of the magnitude of possible differences between the RI-CLPM and the CLPM, we compared the results of both models. We used data from three longitudinal adolescent samples (age range: 7–18 years; study 1: N = 1948; study 2: N = 1455; study 3: N = 316). Intervals between the measurements were 1–1.5 years. Single-paper meta-analyses showed support for small within-person associations from self-esteem to depressive symptoms, but not the other way around, thus only providing some support for the vulnerability model. The cross-lagged associations in the aggregated RI-CLPM and CLPM showed similar effect sizes. Overall, our results show that over 1- to 1.5-year time intervals, low self-esteem may negatively influence depressive symptoms over time within adolescents, but only weakly so.",
keywords = "depression, longitudinal data, random intercept cross-lagged panel model, self-esteem, within-person effects",
author = "M. Masselink and {Van Roekel}, E. and Hankin, {B. L.} and L. Keijsers and Lodder, {G. M.A.} and J. Vanhalst and M. Verhagen and Young, {J. F.} and Oldehinkel, {A. J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A. J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B. L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J. F. Young. Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A.?J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B.?L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J.?F. Young. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology",
year = "2018",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/per.2179",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "653--671",
journal = "European Journal of Personality",
issn = "0890-2070",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "6",
}