@article{efbcb4ec2cfb4ef1a0d42b46a20e62a2,
title = "The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control",
abstract = "Background: The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results: This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions: The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha.",
keywords = "Chemoreceptor genes, Gene regulation, Insect adaptation, Insect immunity, Insect orthology, Metabolic detoxification genes, Muscid genomics, Opsin gene duplication, Stable fly genome",
author = "Olafson, {Pia U.} and Serap Aksoy and Attardo, {Geoffrey M.} and Greta Buckmeier and Xiaoting Chen and Coates, {Craig J.} and Megan Davis and Justin Dykema and Emrich, {Scott J.} and Markus Friedrich and Holmes, {Christopher J.} and Panagiotis Ioannidis and Jansen, {Evan N.} and Jennings, {Emily C.} and Daniel Lawson and Martinson, {Ellen O.} and Maslen, {Gareth L.} and Meisel, {Richard P.} and Murphy, {Terence D.} and Dana Nayduch and Nelson, {David R.} and Oyen, {Kennan J.} and Raszick, {Tyler J.} and Ribeiro, {Jos{\'e} M.C.} and Robertson, {Hugh M.} and Rosendale, {Andrew J.} and Sackton, {Timothy B.} and Perot Saelao and Swiger, {Sonja L.} and Sze, {Sing Hoi} and Tarone, {Aaron M.} and Taylor, {David B.} and Warren, {Wesley C.} and Waterhouse, {Robert M.} and Weirauch, {Matthew T.} and Werren, {John H.} and Wilson, {Richard K.} and Zdobnov, {Evgeny M.} and Benoit, {Joshua B.}",
note = "Sequencing was supported by the NIH-NHGRI grant 5U54HG00307907 to RKW. The lateral gene transfer work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (1257053 and 1950078) and the Nathaniel and Helen Wisch Chair to JHW. Funding for MTW was partially provided by CpG Award 53553 and a CCRF Endowed Scholar Award from Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center. RMW was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant PP00P3_170664. Funding for JBB was partially provided by bioinformatics support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-1654417), United States Department of Agriculture (2018-67013-28495), and the National Institutes of Health (1R01AI148551-01A1). Funding for PUO and PS was provided by the US Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service (3094\u201332000-041-00D). The automated gene annotation work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. We thank The Genome Institute at Washington University for library construction and sequencing. JHW thanks S Cheng for assistance with the LGT pipeline. This article reports the result of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "19",
journal = "BMC biology",
issn = "1741-7007",
publisher = "BioMed Central",
number = "1",
}