TY - JOUR
T1 - THE EVOLUTION of the INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM METALLICITY in SUNYAEV ZEL'DOVICH-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS at 0 > z > 1.5
AU - McDonald, M.
AU - Bulbul, E.
AU - Haan, T. De
AU - Miller, E. D.
AU - Benson, B. A.
AU - Bleem, L. E.
AU - Brodwin, M.
AU - Carlstrom, J. E.
AU - Chiu, I.
AU - Forman, W. R.
AU - Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.
AU - Garmire, G. P.
AU - Gupta, N.
AU - Mohr, J. J.
AU - Reichardt, C. L.
AU - Saro, A.
AU - Stalder, B.
AU - Stark, A. A.
AU - Vieira, J. D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants ANT-0638937 and PLR-1248097. This work was partially completed at Fermilab, operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY- 0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - We present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis of 153 galaxy clusters observed with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku space telescopes. These clusters, which span 0 < z < 1.5, were drawn from a larger, mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters discovered in the 2500 square degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. With a total combined exposure time of 9.1 Ms, these data yield the strongest constraints to date on the evolution of the metal content of the intracluster medium (ICM). We find no evidence for strong evolution in the global (r < R 500) ICM metallicity (dZ/dz = -0.06 ± 0.04 Z o), with a mean value at z = 0.6 of Z o and a scatter of σ Z = 0.08 ± 0.01 Z o. These results imply that the emission-weighted metallicity has not changed by more than 40% since z = 1 (at 95% confidence), consistent with the picture of an early (z > 1) enrichment. We find, in agreement with previous works, a significantly higher mean value for the metallicity in the centers of cool core clusters versus non-cool core clusters. We find weak evidence for evolution in the central metallicity of cool core clusters (dZ/dz = -0.21 ± 0.11 Z o), which is sufficient to account for this enhanced central metallicity over the past ∼10 Gyr. We find no evidence for metallicity evolution outside of the core (dZ/dz = -0.03 ± 0.06 Z o), and no significant difference in the core-excised metallicity between cool core and non-cool core clusters. This suggests that strong radio-mode active galactic nucleus feedback does not significantly alter the distribution of metals at . Given the limitations of current-generation X-ray telescopes in constraining the ICM metallicity at z > 1, significant improvements on this work will likely require next-generation X-ray missions.
AB - We present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis of 153 galaxy clusters observed with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku space telescopes. These clusters, which span 0 < z < 1.5, were drawn from a larger, mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters discovered in the 2500 square degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. With a total combined exposure time of 9.1 Ms, these data yield the strongest constraints to date on the evolution of the metal content of the intracluster medium (ICM). We find no evidence for strong evolution in the global (r < R 500) ICM metallicity (dZ/dz = -0.06 ± 0.04 Z o), with a mean value at z = 0.6 of Z o and a scatter of σ Z = 0.08 ± 0.01 Z o. These results imply that the emission-weighted metallicity has not changed by more than 40% since z = 1 (at 95% confidence), consistent with the picture of an early (z > 1) enrichment. We find, in agreement with previous works, a significantly higher mean value for the metallicity in the centers of cool core clusters versus non-cool core clusters. We find weak evidence for evolution in the central metallicity of cool core clusters (dZ/dz = -0.21 ± 0.11 Z o), which is sufficient to account for this enhanced central metallicity over the past ∼10 Gyr. We find no evidence for metallicity evolution outside of the core (dZ/dz = -0.03 ± 0.06 Z o), and no significant difference in the core-excised metallicity between cool core and non-cool core clusters. This suggests that strong radio-mode active galactic nucleus feedback does not significantly alter the distribution of metals at . Given the limitations of current-generation X-ray telescopes in constraining the ICM metallicity at z > 1, significant improvements on this work will likely require next-generation X-ray missions.
KW - X-rays: galaxies: clusters
KW - galaxies: clusters: general
KW - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
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U2 - 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/124
DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/124
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84982244586
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 826
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 124
ER -