@article{38b20a032d264e40bd2d35d8f5c4f898,
title = "The emergence of valency in colloidal crystals through electron equivalents",
abstract = "Colloidal crystal engineering of complex, low-symmetry architectures is challenging when isotropic building blocks are assembled. Here we describe an approach to generating such structures based upon programmable atom equivalents (nanoparticles functionalized with many DNA strands) and mobile electron equivalents (small particles functionalized with a low number of DNA strands complementary to the programmable atom equivalents). Under appropriate conditions, the spatial distribution of the electron equivalents breaks the symmetry of isotropic programmable atom equivalents, akin to the anisotropic distribution of valence electrons or coordination sites around a metal atom, leading to a set of well-defined coordination geometries and access to three new low-symmetry crystalline phases. All three phases represent the first examples of colloidal crystals, with two of them having elemental analogues (body-centred tetragonal and high-pressure gallium), while the third (triple double-gyroid structure) has no known natural equivalent. This approach enables the creation of complex, low-symmetry colloidal crystals that might find use in various technologies.",
author = "Shunzhi Wang and Sangmin Lee and Du, \{Jingshan S.\} and Partridge, \{Benjamin E.\} and Cheng, \{Ho Fung\} and Wenjie Zhou and Dravid, \{Vinayak P.\} and Byeongdu Lee and Glotzer, \{Sharon C.\} and Mirkin, \{Chad A.\}",
note = "We thank E. W. Roth (Northwestern University (NU)) for ultramicrotomy, S. Weigand (NU) for SAXS assistance and A. Das (NU) for helpful discussions. This work was supported primarily by the Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (award DE-SC0000989, for synthesis and molecular dynamics simulations, C.A.M. and S.C.G.) and also by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award FA9550-17-1-0348, for synthesis, spectroscopy and electron microscopy, C.A.M. and V.P.D.) and the Sherman Fairchild Foundation (for electron microscopy, C.A.M.). This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN and Northwestern{\textquoteright}s MRSEC programme (NSF DMR-1720139). This research also used the resources (Sector 5, the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team {\textquoteleft}DND-CAT{\textquoteright}, beamline 12-ID-B) of the Advanced Photon Source, which is a US Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory (contract DE-AC02-06CH11357). Simulations were carried out using the resources at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility (supported under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725). Computational resources and services were also provided by Advanced Research Computing at the University of Michigan. We thank E. W. Roth (Northwestern University (NU)) for ultramicrotomy, S. Weigand (NU) for SAXS assistance and A. Das (NU) for helpful discussions. This work was supported primarily by the Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (award DE-SC0000989, for synthesis and molecular dynamics simulations, C.A.M. and S.C.G.) and also by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award FA9550-17-1-0348, for synthesis, spectroscopy and electron microscopy, C.A.M. and V.P.D.) and the Sherman Fairchild Foundation (for electron microscopy, C.A.M.). This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University?s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN and Northwestern?s MRSEC programme (NSF DMR-1720139). This research also used the resources (Sector 5, the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team ?DND-CAT?, beamline 12-ID-B) of the Advanced Photon Source, which is a US Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory (contract DE-AC02-06CH11357). Simulations were carried out using the resources at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility (supported under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725). Computational resources and services were also provided by Advanced Research Computing at the University of Michigan.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
doi = "10.1038/s41563-021-01170-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "580--587",
journal = "Nature Materials",
issn = "1476-1122",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}