TY - JOUR
T1 - The effectiveness of vigorous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Peters, Joseph
AU - Abou, Libak
AU - Rice, Laura A.
AU - Dandeneau, Kady
AU - Alluri, Aditya
AU - Salvador, Amadeo Felix
AU - Rice, Ian
N1 - We would like to thank the library services at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for providing us with the databases and search strategies to conduct this research.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Background and purpose: Traditional forms of upper-body moderate intensity exercise consistently provide little cardiovascular benefits for persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI). Explorations of new training methods are vital to improve cardiovascular fitness among PwSCI. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of vigorous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in PwSCI. Methods: Database search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was conducted from the databases’ inception to November 2020 to identify relevant exercise studies with PwSCI. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion. Data were extracted from included studies and methodological quality evaluated. Results: Sixteen trials (eight pre-post trials and eight controlled trials [CTs]) with a total of 145 participants were analyzed. Results from pre-post studies revealed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (Peak Oxygen Uptake [VO
2peak], standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.81; 95% CI 0.23–1.39; P < 0.01 and Peak Power Output [PPO], SMD = 0.91; 95% CI 0.32–1.5; P < 0.01) and circuit resistance training (CRT) (VO
2peak, MD = 0.38; 95% CI 0.19–0.57; P < 0.01 and PPO, MD = 20.17; 95% CI 8.26–32.08; P < 0.01). Meta-analysis of CTs did not demonstrate significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following vigorous training interventions in comparison to lower intensity training interventions. Conclusion: Evidence from HIIT and CRT interventions suggest benefits for cardiovascular functions; however, vigorous training was not more beneficial than other forms of endurance training. More CTs are needed to better understand the effectiveness of vigorous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in PwSCI.
AB - Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Background and purpose: Traditional forms of upper-body moderate intensity exercise consistently provide little cardiovascular benefits for persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI). Explorations of new training methods are vital to improve cardiovascular fitness among PwSCI. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of vigorous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in PwSCI. Methods: Database search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was conducted from the databases’ inception to November 2020 to identify relevant exercise studies with PwSCI. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion. Data were extracted from included studies and methodological quality evaluated. Results: Sixteen trials (eight pre-post trials and eight controlled trials [CTs]) with a total of 145 participants were analyzed. Results from pre-post studies revealed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (Peak Oxygen Uptake [VO
2peak], standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.81; 95% CI 0.23–1.39; P < 0.01 and Peak Power Output [PPO], SMD = 0.91; 95% CI 0.32–1.5; P < 0.01) and circuit resistance training (CRT) (VO
2peak, MD = 0.38; 95% CI 0.19–0.57; P < 0.01 and PPO, MD = 20.17; 95% CI 8.26–32.08; P < 0.01). Meta-analysis of CTs did not demonstrate significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following vigorous training interventions in comparison to lower intensity training interventions. Conclusion: Evidence from HIIT and CRT interventions suggest benefits for cardiovascular functions; however, vigorous training was not more beneficial than other forms of endurance training. More CTs are needed to better understand the effectiveness of vigorous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in PwSCI.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41393-021-00669-7
DO - 10.1038/s41393-021-00669-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34274948
SN - 1362-4393
VL - 59
SP - 1035
EP - 1044
JO - Spinal Cord
JF - Spinal Cord
IS - 10
ER -