Abstract
Current and future Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surveys will need to adopt new approaches to classifying SNe and obtaining their redshifts without spectra if they wish to reach their full potential. We present here a novel approach that uses only photometry to identify SNe Ia in the 5-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES) data set using the SUPERNNOVA classifier. Our approach, which does not rely on any information from the SN host-galaxy, recovers SNe Ia that might otherwise be lost due to a lack of an identifiable host. We select 2,298 high-quality SNe Ia from the DES 5-yr data set an almost complete sample of detected SNe Ia. More than 700 of these have no spectroscopic host redshift and are potentially new SNIa compared to the DES-SN5YR cosmology analysis. To analyse these SNe Ia, we derive their redshifts and properties using only their light curves with a modified version of the SALT2 light-curve fitter. Compared to other DES SN Ia samples with spectroscopic redshifts, our new sample has in average higher redshift, bluer and broader light curves, and fainter host-galaxies. Future surveys such as LSST will also face an additional challenge, the scarcity of spectroscopic resources for follow-up. When applying our novel method to DES data, we reduce the need for follow-up by a factor of four and three for host-galaxy and live SN, respectively, compared to earlier approaches. Our novel method thus leads to better optimization of spectroscopic resources for follow-up.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2073-2088 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| Volume | 533 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 1 2024 |
Keywords
- cosmology: observations
- surveys
- transients: supernovae
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 533, No. 2, 01.09.2024, p. 2073-2088.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The Dark Energy Survey 5-yr photometrically classified type Ia supernovae without host-galaxy redshifts
AU - Möller, A.
AU - Wiseman, P.
AU - Smith, M.
AU - Lidman, C.
AU - Davis, T. M.
AU - Kessler, R.
AU - Sako, M.
AU - Sullivan, M.
AU - Galbany, L.
AU - Lee, J.
AU - Nichol, R. C.
AU - Sánchez, B. O.
AU - Vincenzi, M.
AU - Tucker, B. E.
AU - Abbott, T. M.C.
AU - Aguena, M.
AU - Allam, S.
AU - Alves, O.
AU - Andrade-Oliveira, F.
AU - Bacon, D.
AU - Bertin, E.
AU - Brooks, D.
AU - Carnero Rosell, A.
AU - Castander, F. J.
AU - Desai, S.
AU - Diehl, H. T.
AU - Everett, S.
AU - Ferrero, I.
AU - Friedel, D.
AU - Frieman, J.
AU - García-Bellido, J.
AU - Gaztanaga, E.
AU - Giannini, G.
AU - Gruendl, R. A.
AU - Gutierrez, G.
AU - Hinton, S. R.
AU - Hollowood, D. L.
AU - Honscheid, K.
AU - James, D. J.
AU - Kuehn, K.
AU - Lahav, O.
AU - Lee, S.
AU - Marshall, J. L.
AU - Mena-Fernández, J.
AU - Menanteau, F.
AU - Miquel, R.
AU - Myles, J.
AU - Ogando, R. L.C.
AU - Palmese, A.
AU - Pieres, A.
AU - Plazas Malagón, A. A.
AU - Roodman, A.
AU - Sanchez, E.
AU - Sanchez Cid, D.
AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.
AU - Suchyta, E.
AU - Swanson, M. E.C.
AU - Tarle, G.
AU - Tucker, D. L.
AU - Walker, A. R.
AU - Weaverdyck, N.
AU - da Costa, L. N.
AU - Pereira, M. E.S.
N1 - This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EDncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d\u2019Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NFS\u2019s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. AM is supported by the ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) project number DE230100055. LG acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 under the PID2020-115253GA-I00 HOST-FLOWS project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00EDficas (CSIC) under the PIE project 20215AT016 and the program Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant. Author contributions. AM performed the analysis and wrote the manuscript. The top-tier authors aided in the interpretation of the analysis and: PW constructed the host-galaxy catalogue; MS, CL and TD were internal reviewers, collected and reduced data; MS computed host-galaxy masses; RK provided advice on SNphoto-z and simulations; MS was internal reviewer. The following authors contributed to the analysis of the DES5YR data set: LG, JL, RN, BS, and BT. The remaining authors have made contributions to this paper that include, but are not limited to, the construction of DECam and other aspects of collecting the data; data processing and calibration; developing broadly used methods, codes, and simulations; running the pipelines and validation tests; and promoting the science analysis. This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EDncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d\u2019Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NFS\u2019s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014- 2). This work was completed in part with Midway resources provided by the University of Chicago\u2019s Research Computing Center. This work makes use of data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope, under program A/2013B/012. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014- 2). AM is supported by the ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) project number DE230100055. LG acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 under the PID2020-115253GA-I00 HOSTFLOWS project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00EDficas (CSIC) under the PIE project 20215AT016 and the program Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant.
PY - 2024/9/1
Y1 - 2024/9/1
N2 - Current and future Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surveys will need to adopt new approaches to classifying SNe and obtaining their redshifts without spectra if they wish to reach their full potential. We present here a novel approach that uses only photometry to identify SNe Ia in the 5-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES) data set using the SUPERNNOVA classifier. Our approach, which does not rely on any information from the SN host-galaxy, recovers SNe Ia that might otherwise be lost due to a lack of an identifiable host. We select 2,298 high-quality SNe Ia from the DES 5-yr data set an almost complete sample of detected SNe Ia. More than 700 of these have no spectroscopic host redshift and are potentially new SNIa compared to the DES-SN5YR cosmology analysis. To analyse these SNe Ia, we derive their redshifts and properties using only their light curves with a modified version of the SALT2 light-curve fitter. Compared to other DES SN Ia samples with spectroscopic redshifts, our new sample has in average higher redshift, bluer and broader light curves, and fainter host-galaxies. Future surveys such as LSST will also face an additional challenge, the scarcity of spectroscopic resources for follow-up. When applying our novel method to DES data, we reduce the need for follow-up by a factor of four and three for host-galaxy and live SN, respectively, compared to earlier approaches. Our novel method thus leads to better optimization of spectroscopic resources for follow-up.
AB - Current and future Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surveys will need to adopt new approaches to classifying SNe and obtaining their redshifts without spectra if they wish to reach their full potential. We present here a novel approach that uses only photometry to identify SNe Ia in the 5-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES) data set using the SUPERNNOVA classifier. Our approach, which does not rely on any information from the SN host-galaxy, recovers SNe Ia that might otherwise be lost due to a lack of an identifiable host. We select 2,298 high-quality SNe Ia from the DES 5-yr data set an almost complete sample of detected SNe Ia. More than 700 of these have no spectroscopic host redshift and are potentially new SNIa compared to the DES-SN5YR cosmology analysis. To analyse these SNe Ia, we derive their redshifts and properties using only their light curves with a modified version of the SALT2 light-curve fitter. Compared to other DES SN Ia samples with spectroscopic redshifts, our new sample has in average higher redshift, bluer and broader light curves, and fainter host-galaxies. Future surveys such as LSST will also face an additional challenge, the scarcity of spectroscopic resources for follow-up. When applying our novel method to DES data, we reduce the need for follow-up by a factor of four and three for host-galaxy and live SN, respectively, compared to earlier approaches. Our novel method thus leads to better optimization of spectroscopic resources for follow-up.
KW - cosmology: observations
KW - surveys
KW - transients: supernovae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85202037652&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85202037652&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1953
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1953
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85202037652
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 533
SP - 2073
EP - 2088
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -