TY - JOUR
T1 - Systemic and mucosal immune responses to H1N1 influenza virus infection in pigs
AU - Larsen, D. L.
AU - Karasin, A.
AU - Zuckermann, F.
AU - Olsen, C. W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Dr. Jackie Katz at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Linda Saif at the Ohio State University and Dr. David Horohov at Louisiana State University for providing advice on the ELISPOT assays. We also thank Dr. Brian Aldridge of the University of Wisconsin–Madison for assistance with the mucosal tissue digestion protocol and Stephen Carey of the University of Wisconsin–Madison for excellent technical assistance during these experiments. This research was supported by the University of Wisconsin Graduate School and USDA NRICGP grant No. 9802326.
PY - 2000/5/22
Y1 - 2000/5/22
N2 - Influenza is a common respiratory disease in pigs, and since swine influenza viruses are zoonotic pathogens, they also pose human health risks. Pigs infected with influenza virus mount an effective immune response and are protected from subsequent challenge, whereas the currently available, inactivated-virus vaccine does not consistently confer complete protection to challenge. To develop and evaluate new vaccination strategies, it is imperative to fully understand the immune responses that are associated with protection following natural infection. Therefore, we have evaluated the phenotype and kinetics of immune responses to primary and re-challenge infection with H1N1 swine influenza virus in the pig. Through the use of isotype-specific antibody secreting cell ELISPOT assays, interferon-γ ELISPOT assays and isotype-specific ELISAs on serum, nasal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, we defined the humoral and cellular immune responses, both locally in the respiratory tract and systemically, to this viral infection. Virus-specific serum IgG, IgA, and HI titers all peaked 2-3 weeks after primary infection and did not substantially increase after re-challenge. The predominant virus-specific isotype in serum was IgG. Pigs responded with virus-specific IgG and IgA in both the upper (nasal washes) and lower (bronchoalveolar lavages) airways; IgA was the predominant isotype in both sites. Despite the fact that the pigs were completely protected from re-challenge, the antibody titers in the nasal washes increased. Results of the antibody-secreting cell ELISPOT assays demonstrated that the numbers of both IgG and IgA secreting cells in the nasal mucosa were dramatically higher than in any other tissue examined. In contrast, IFN-γ secreting cells were predominantly localized to the spleen and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. These data will be helpful in the future development and evaluation of novel vaccines. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Influenza is a common respiratory disease in pigs, and since swine influenza viruses are zoonotic pathogens, they also pose human health risks. Pigs infected with influenza virus mount an effective immune response and are protected from subsequent challenge, whereas the currently available, inactivated-virus vaccine does not consistently confer complete protection to challenge. To develop and evaluate new vaccination strategies, it is imperative to fully understand the immune responses that are associated with protection following natural infection. Therefore, we have evaluated the phenotype and kinetics of immune responses to primary and re-challenge infection with H1N1 swine influenza virus in the pig. Through the use of isotype-specific antibody secreting cell ELISPOT assays, interferon-γ ELISPOT assays and isotype-specific ELISAs on serum, nasal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, we defined the humoral and cellular immune responses, both locally in the respiratory tract and systemically, to this viral infection. Virus-specific serum IgG, IgA, and HI titers all peaked 2-3 weeks after primary infection and did not substantially increase after re-challenge. The predominant virus-specific isotype in serum was IgG. Pigs responded with virus-specific IgG and IgA in both the upper (nasal washes) and lower (bronchoalveolar lavages) airways; IgA was the predominant isotype in both sites. Despite the fact that the pigs were completely protected from re-challenge, the antibody titers in the nasal washes increased. Results of the antibody-secreting cell ELISPOT assays demonstrated that the numbers of both IgG and IgA secreting cells in the nasal mucosa were dramatically higher than in any other tissue examined. In contrast, IFN-γ secreting cells were predominantly localized to the spleen and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. These data will be helpful in the future development and evaluation of novel vaccines. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - ELISPOT
KW - IgA
KW - IgG
KW - Influenza virus
KW - Interferon-γ
KW - Pig
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U2 - 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00172-3
DO - 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00172-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 10799784
AN - SCOPUS:0034702019
SN - 0378-1135
VL - 74
SP - 117
EP - 131
JO - Veterinary Microbiology
JF - Veterinary Microbiology
IS - 1-2
ER -