TY - JOUR
T1 - Strategies for the Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Drug Delivery, and Agricultural Applications
T2 - A Review
AU - Shrestha, Rajeev
AU - Thenissery, Anusree
AU - Khupse, Rahul
AU - Rajashekara, Gireesh
N1 - The research in the Rajashekara laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (grants number 2015-68004-23131 and 2020-6701-31401), and by the United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crops Research Initiative project awards 2019-51181-30010 and 2022-51181-38242.
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Chitosan has received much attention for its role in designing and developing novel derivatives as well as its applications across a broad spectrum of biological and physiological activities, owing to its desirable characteristics such as being biodegradable, being a biopolymer, and its overall eco-friendliness. The main objective of this review is to explore the recent chemical modifications of chitosan that have been achieved through various synthetic methods. These chitosan derivatives are categorized based on their synthetic pathways or the presence of common functional groups, which include alkylated, acylated, Schiff base, quaternary ammonia, guanidine, and heterocyclic rings. We have also described the recent applications of chitosan and its derivatives, along with nanomaterials, their mechanisms, and prospective challenges, especially in areas such as antimicrobial activities, targeted drug delivery for various diseases, and plant agricultural domains. The accumulation of these recent findings has the potential to offer insight not only into innovative approaches for the preparation of chitosan derivatives but also into their diverse applications. These insights may spark novel ideas for drug development or drug carriers, particularly in the antimicrobial, medicinal, and plant agricultural fields.
AB - Chitosan has received much attention for its role in designing and developing novel derivatives as well as its applications across a broad spectrum of biological and physiological activities, owing to its desirable characteristics such as being biodegradable, being a biopolymer, and its overall eco-friendliness. The main objective of this review is to explore the recent chemical modifications of chitosan that have been achieved through various synthetic methods. These chitosan derivatives are categorized based on their synthetic pathways or the presence of common functional groups, which include alkylated, acylated, Schiff base, quaternary ammonia, guanidine, and heterocyclic rings. We have also described the recent applications of chitosan and its derivatives, along with nanomaterials, their mechanisms, and prospective challenges, especially in areas such as antimicrobial activities, targeted drug delivery for various diseases, and plant agricultural domains. The accumulation of these recent findings has the potential to offer insight not only into innovative approaches for the preparation of chitosan derivatives but also into their diverse applications. These insights may spark novel ideas for drug development or drug carriers, particularly in the antimicrobial, medicinal, and plant agricultural fields.
KW - antimicrobial activity
KW - chitosan (CS) derivatives
KW - drug delivery
KW - infectious diseases
KW - plant agriculture
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U2 - 10.3390/molecules28227659
DO - 10.3390/molecules28227659
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38005381
AN - SCOPUS:85177768197
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 28
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 22
M1 - 7659
ER -