State of the art in evaluation and control of steel cleanliness

Chemical Compounds

• Tundish 100%
• Slag 19%
• Casting 16%
• Lining (Refractory) 15%
• Casting Process 12%
• Refractory 9%
• Wear 8%
• Size Distribution 8%
• Indicator 8%
• Nitrogen 5%
• Oxide 5%
• Surface 3%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Steel 32%
• Casting 20%
• Refractory materials 17%
• Slags 15%
• Iron and steel plants 9%
• Steelmaking 9%
• Control surfaces 9%
• Argon 9%
• Linings 8%
• Chemical reactions 8%
• Flow patterns 7%
• Flow control 7%
• Flow of fluids 7%
• Oxides 6%
• Fluxes 6%
• Wear of materials 5%
• Sampling 5%
• Defects 5%
• Chemical analysis 5%
• Gases 4%
• Costs 3%