@inproceedings{f0bc0c4ca3d54efa848320e09a109e45,
title = "Stars can tell: A robust method to defend against GPS spoofing attacks using off-the-shelf chipset",
abstract = "The GPS has empowered billions of users and various critical infrastructures with its positioning and time services. However, GPS spoofing attacks also become a growing threat to GPS-dependent systems. Existing detection methods either require expensive hardware modifications to current GPS devices or lack the basic robustness against sophisticated attacks, hurting their adoption and usage in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel GPS spoofing detection framework that works with off-the-shelf GPS chipsets. Our basic idea is to rotate a one-side-blocked GPS receiver to derive the angle-of-arrival (AoAs) of received signals and compare them with the GPS constellation (consists of tens of GPS satellites). We first demonstrate the effectiveness of this idea by implementing a smartphone prototype and evaluating it against a real spoofer in various field experiments (in both open air and urban canyon environments). Our method achieves a high accuracy (95%-100%) in 5 seconds. Then we implement an adaptive attack, assuming the attacker becomes aware of our defense method and actively modulates the spoofing signals accordingly. We study this adaptive attack and propose enhancement methods (using the rotation speed as the “secret key”) to fortify the defense. Further experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the enhanced defense.",
author = "Shinan Liu and Xiang Cheng and Hanchao Yang and Yuanchao Shu and Xiaoran Weng and Ping Guo and Kexiong Zeng and Gang Wang and Yaling Yang",
note = "Funding Information: We thank our shepherd Aanjhan Ranganathan and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was supported in part by NSF grants CNS-1547366, CNS-1824494, CNS-2030521, and CNS-1717028. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by The USENIX Association. All rights reserved.; 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021 ; Conference date: 11-08-2021 Through 13-08-2021",
year = "2021",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium",
publisher = "USENIX Association",
pages = "3935--3952",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium",
}