@article{91725ea57eb44831844d8a9f59f3a6ee,
title = "Stability of classical swine fever virus and pseudorabies virus in animal feed ingredients exposed to transpacific shipping conditions",
abstract = "Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are two of the most significant trade-limiting pathogens affecting swine worldwide. Both viruses are endemic to China where millions of kilograms of feed ingredients are manufactured and subsequently imported into the United States. Although stability and oral transmission of both viruses through contaminated pork products has been demonstrated as a risk factor for transboundary spread, stability in animal feed ingredients had yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of CSFV and variant PRV in 12 animal feeds and ingredients exposed to environmental conditions simulating a 37-day transpacific shipment. Virus was detected by PCR, virus isolation and nursery pig bioassay. CSFV and PRV nucleic acids were stable throughout the 37-day period in all feed matrices. Infectious CSFV was detected in two ingredients (conventional soybean meal and pork sausage casings) at 37 days post-contamination, whereas infectious PRV was detected in nine ingredients (conventional and organic soybean meal, lysine, choline, vitamin D, moist cat and dog food, dry dog food and pork sausage casings). This study demonstrates the relative stability of CSFV and PRV in different feed ingredients under shipment conditions and provides evidence that feed ingredients may represent important risk factors for the transboundary spread of these viruses.",
keywords = "animal feed, classical swine fever, pseudorabies, ships, survival, swine diseases",
author = "Stoian, {Ana M.M.} and Vlad Petrovan and Constance, {Laura A.} and Matthew Olcha and Scott Dee and Diel, {Diego G.} and Sheahan, {Maureen A.} and Rowland, {Raymond R.R.} and Gilbert Patterson and Niederwerder, {Megan C.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the Swine Health Information Center grant #17‐189 and the State of Kansas National Bio and Agro‐defense Facility Fund. L.A.C. and M.O. were partially funded by the US Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate under contract no. D15PC00276. The CSFV Brescia strain was kindly provided by Dr. Wei Jia from the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Plum Island, NY). The PRV HeN1 strain was kindly provided by Professor Zhijun Tian and Dr. Jinmei Peng at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Harbin, China). The authors acknowledge the KSU Applied Swine Nutrition Team for their past contributions to the area of feed risk. We thank the staff of the Biosecurity Research Institute for their assistance in completing this research. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Swine Health Information Center grant #17-189 and the State of Kansas National Bio and Agro-defense Facility Fund. L.A.C. and M.O. were partially funded by the US Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate under contract no. D15PC00276. The CSFV Brescia strain was kindly provided by Dr. Wei Jia from the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Plum Island, NY). The PRV HeN1 strain was kindly provided by Professor Zhijun Tian and Dr. Jinmei Peng at the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Harbin, China). The authors acknowledge the KSU Applied Swine Nutrition Team for their past contributions to the area of feed risk. We thank the staff of the Biosecurity Research Institute for their assistance in completing this research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1111/tbed.13498",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "67",
pages = "1623--1632",
journal = "Transboundary and Emerging Diseases",
issn = "1865-1674",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
number = "4",
}