Spoke airports, intentional and unintentional ground travel, and the air travel decision-making process

For air travelers originating from the spokes of the US hub-and-spoke air network, price, flight frequency, and aircraft type are all known factors in their travel decision-making process. Less well known, however, is the extent to which different elements of ground travel enter into these travelers' air journeys. Based on 51 interviews at four universities at spokes surrounding O'Hare International Airport, this article describes how considerations such as vehicle availability, individual driving ability, localized weather, and unanticipated ground travel are fundamentally part of the air travel decision-making process for spoke travelers.