TY - JOUR
T1 - Soy-Induced Fecal Metabolome Changes in Ovariectomized and Intact Female Rats
T2 - Relationship with Cardiometabolic Health
AU - Vieira-Potter, Victoria J.
AU - Cross, Tzu Wen L.
AU - Swanson, Kelly S.
AU - Sarma, Saurav J.
AU - Lei, Zhentian
AU - Sumner, Lloyd W.
AU - Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.
N1 - Funding Information:
We appreciate the students in Dr. Victoria Vieira-Potter’s laboratory who helped care for the rats. This study was made possible by the MU Center for Botanical Interactions Studies (CBIS) (pilot project to VVP) by Grant Number P50AT006273 from the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCCAM, ODS, NCI, or the National Institutes of Health. The studies were also supported by NIEHS 1R01ES025547-A1 (CSR). LWS is supported in part by NSF awards 1340058 and 1139489. The University of Missouri, Office of Research provided initial instrumental and personnel funding for the MU Metabolomics Center.
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds found in a variety of foods, most notably, soy. These compounds have been shown to improve immuno-metabolic health, yet mechanisms remain uncertain. We demonstrated previously that dietary phytoestrogen-rich soy (SOY) rescued metabolic dysfunction/inflammation following ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats; we also noted remarkable shifts in gut microbiota in SOY vs control diet-fed rats. Importantly, specific bacteria that significantly increased in those fed the SOY correlated positively with several favorable host metabolic parameters. One mechanism by which gut microbes might lead to such host effects is through production of bacterial metabolites. To test this possibility, we utilized non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) to assess the fecal metabolome in those previously studied animals. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) revealed clear separation of fecal metabolomes based on diet and ovarian state. In particular, SOY-fed animals had greater fecal concentrations of the beneficial bacterial metabolite, S-equol, which was positively associated with several of the bacteria upregulated in the SOY group. S-equol was inversely correlated with important indicators of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, suggesting that this metabolite might be a key mediator between SOY and gut microbiome-positive host health outcomes.
AB - Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds found in a variety of foods, most notably, soy. These compounds have been shown to improve immuno-metabolic health, yet mechanisms remain uncertain. We demonstrated previously that dietary phytoestrogen-rich soy (SOY) rescued metabolic dysfunction/inflammation following ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats; we also noted remarkable shifts in gut microbiota in SOY vs control diet-fed rats. Importantly, specific bacteria that significantly increased in those fed the SOY correlated positively with several favorable host metabolic parameters. One mechanism by which gut microbes might lead to such host effects is through production of bacterial metabolites. To test this possibility, we utilized non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) to assess the fecal metabolome in those previously studied animals. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) revealed clear separation of fecal metabolomes based on diet and ovarian state. In particular, SOY-fed animals had greater fecal concentrations of the beneficial bacterial metabolite, S-equol, which was positively associated with several of the bacteria upregulated in the SOY group. S-equol was inversely correlated with important indicators of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, suggesting that this metabolite might be a key mediator between SOY and gut microbiome-positive host health outcomes.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41598-018-35171-3
DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-35171-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 30442926
AN - SCOPUS:85056642727
VL - 8
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
SN - 2045-2322
IS - 1
M1 - 16896
ER -