TY - JOUR
T1 - Sources of cellular oxidative potential of water-soluble fine ambient particulate matter in the Midwestern United States
AU - Wang, Yixiang
AU - Puthussery, Joseph V.
AU - Yu, Haoran
AU - Liu, Yicen
AU - Salana, Sudheer
AU - Verma, Vishal
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation , USA under Grant No. CBET-1847237 . We thank Sandra McMasters, the director of cell media facility at UIUC for providing us NR8383 cell culture media. We also appreciate Prof. William Harold Witola from UIUC for sharing the NR8383 cells with us.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, USA under Grant No. CBET-1847237. We thank Sandra McMasters, the director of cell media facility at UIUC for providing us NR8383 cell culture media. We also appreciate Prof. William Harold Witola from UIUC for sharing the NR8383 cells with us.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of cellular oxidative potential (OP) in the Midwest US. Weekly samples were collected from three urban [Chicago (IL), Indianapolis (IN), and St. Louis (MO)], one rural [Bondville (IL], and one roadside site [Champaign (IL)] for a year (May 2018 to May 2019), and analyzed for water-soluble cellular OP using a macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Chemical composition of the samples including several carbonaceous components, inorganic ions, and water-soluble elementals, were also analyzed. The emission sources contributing to water-soluble cellular OP and PM2.5 mass were analyzed using positive matrix factorization. The secondary organic aerosols contributed substantially (≥54%) to PM2.5 cellular OP at urban sites, while the roadside and rural OP were dominated by road dust (54%) and agricultural activities (62%), respectively. However, none of these sources contributed substantially to the PM2.5 mass (≤21%). Other sources contributing significantly to the PM2.5 mass, i.e., secondary sulfate and nitrate, biomass burning and coal combustion (14-26%) contributed minimally to the cellular OP (≤13%). Such divergent profiles of the emission sources contributing to cellular OP vs. PM2.5 mass demonstrate the need of considering more health-relevant metrics such as OP in the design of air pollution control strategies.
AB - We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of cellular oxidative potential (OP) in the Midwest US. Weekly samples were collected from three urban [Chicago (IL), Indianapolis (IN), and St. Louis (MO)], one rural [Bondville (IL], and one roadside site [Champaign (IL)] for a year (May 2018 to May 2019), and analyzed for water-soluble cellular OP using a macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Chemical composition of the samples including several carbonaceous components, inorganic ions, and water-soluble elementals, were also analyzed. The emission sources contributing to water-soluble cellular OP and PM2.5 mass were analyzed using positive matrix factorization. The secondary organic aerosols contributed substantially (≥54%) to PM2.5 cellular OP at urban sites, while the roadside and rural OP were dominated by road dust (54%) and agricultural activities (62%), respectively. However, none of these sources contributed substantially to the PM2.5 mass (≤21%). Other sources contributing significantly to the PM2.5 mass, i.e., secondary sulfate and nitrate, biomass burning and coal combustion (14-26%) contributed minimally to the cellular OP (≤13%). Such divergent profiles of the emission sources contributing to cellular OP vs. PM2.5 mass demonstrate the need of considering more health-relevant metrics such as OP in the design of air pollution control strategies.
KW - Cellular oxidative potential
KW - Spatiotemporal distribution
KW - Source apportionment
KW - Positive matrix factorization
KW - Midwestern United States
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127777
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127777
M3 - Article
C2 - 34838366
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 425
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 127777
ER -