Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and quantum chemical investigation of ¹³C and ¹⁷O chemical shift tensors, ¹⁷O nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors, and bonding in transition-metal carbonyl complexes and clusters

The carbon-13 and oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic shielding behavior, as well as the oxygen-27 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCC), in the four metal-CO systems Fe(CO)₅, Fe₂(CO)₉, Ni₂(ε⁵-C₅H₅)₂(CO)₂, and Rh₆(CO)₁₆ have been investigated both experimentally and by density functional calculations. Characteristics of the spectroscopic observables and bonding for the most common types of metal-carbonyl coordination, μ₁- , μ₂-, and μ₃-CO, may thus be compared in detail. There is generally very good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements, including the ¹⁷O shift predictions for Fe₂(CO)₉ and Rh₆(CO)₁₆ made previously. Interestingly, the bridging oxygen shift tensor in Fe₂(CO)₉ has its most deshielded component parallel to the C-O axis. This is highly unusual for carbonyl ligands, but is the normal behavior seen in organic carbonyl groups. To explain this and other observations, the computed shielding tensors and electric field gradients have been broken down into contributions from various localized, delocalized, or mixed sets of molecular orbitals. In addition to the common IGLO procedure, these analyses also include 'partial IGLO' and IGLO-Pipek-Mezey methods. The results give new insights into both the magnitudes and orientations of the shielding and nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors. The potential for the combined use of solid-state NMR and quantum chemical methods in various areas of transition metal chemistry is discussed.