@article{c53e8466f5334df29ef1e3f151e53d7e,
title = "Solar Flare Effects on 150-km Echoes Observed Over Jicamarca: WACCM-X Simulations",
abstract = "Jicamarca Radio Observatory observations and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (WACCM-X) simulations are used to investigate the effects of the 7 September 2005 X-17 solar flare on 150-km echoes, electron densities, and vertical plasma drifts. The solar flare produces a remarkably similar response in the observed 150-km echoes and simulated electron densities. The results provide additional evidence of the relationship between the background electron density and the layering structure that is seen in 150-km echoes. The simulations also capture a similar rapid decrease in vertical plasma drift velocity that is seen in the observations. The simulated change in vertical plasma drift is, however, weaker than the observed decrease at the longitude of Jicamarca, though it is stronger east of Jicamarca. The effect of the solar flare on the vertical plasma drifts is primarily attributed to changes in conductivity due to the enhanced ionization during the solar flare.",
keywords = "150-km echoes, WACCM-X, equatorial ionosphere, solar flare",
author = "Pedatella, {N. M.} and Chau, {J. L.} and J. Vierinen and L. Qian and P. Reyes and E. Kudeki and G. Lehmacher and M. Oppenheim",
note = "WACCM‐X is part of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), and the source code is available online (at http://www.cesm.ucar.edu ). The WACCM‐X simulation output and Jicamarca SNR observations used in this publication are available online (at https://doi.org/10.26024/ahcm‐6d40 ). The GOES X‐ray observations are available from NASA NCEI ( https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html ). We would like to acknowledge high‐performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. We thank the International Space Science Institute for facilitating discussions related to this paper as part of the International Team “An Exploration of the Valley Region in the Low Latitude Ionosphere: Response to Forcing from Below and Above and Relevance to Space Weather.” The participation of J. L. C. in this work is part of the project supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under SPP 1788 (DynamicEarth)‐CH 1482/1‐2 (DYNAMITE2). WACCM-X is part of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), and the source code is available online (at http://www.cesm.ucar.edu). The WACCM-X simulation output and Jicamarca SNR observations used in this publication are available online (at https://doi.org/10.26024/ahcm-6d40). The GOES X-ray observations are available from NASA NCEI (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html). We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. We thank the International Space Science Institute for facilitating discussions related to this paper as part of the International Team ?An Exploration of the Valley Region in the Low Latitude Ionosphere: Response to Forcing from Below and Above and Relevance to Space Weather.? The participation of J. L. C. in this work is part of the project supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under SPP 1788 (DynamicEarth)-CH 1482/1-2 (DYNAMITE2).",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2019GL084790",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "46",
pages = "10951--10958",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
number = "20",
}