Serially integrated high-voltage and high power miniature batteries

Accessing high voltages (>9 V) and high power density in microbatteries with volumes below ∼0.25 cm³ is challenging. At such scales, energy density and voltage are highly constrained by packaging and serial integration of cells. Here, we demonstrate hermetically sealed, durable, compact (volume ≤ 0.165 cm³) batteries with low package mass fraction (10.2%) in single- (∼4 V), double- (∼8 V), and triple-stacked (∼12 V) configurations with energy densities reaching 990 Wh Kg⁻¹ and 1,929 Wh L⁻¹ (triple-stacked battery discharged at C/10) and high power density for continuous and pulsed discharge (∼124 mW cm⁻² for triple-stacked battery at C/2 continuous discharge, ∼75 mW cm⁻² for double-stacked battery at 2C pulsed discharge). We achieve the high voltage-power-energy density landscape by using current collectors as the package and serial stacking of bifancial dense electrodeposited LiCoO₂ cathode, Li-metal anode electrodes. Our microbatteries power wireless communication electronics, motors, and actuators, paving the way toward highly functional microdevices.