Season-long ammonia flux measurements above fertilized corn in central Illinois, USA, using relaxed eddy accumulation

Andrew J. Nelson, Sotiria Koloutsou-Vakakis, Mark J. Rood, La Toya Myles, Christopher Lehmann, Carl Bernacchi, Srinidhi Balasubramanian, Eva Joo, Mark Heuer, Marcelo Vieira-Filho, Jie Lin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The objective of this research is to quantify NH3 flux above an intensively managed cornfield in the Midwestern United States to improve understanding of NH3 emissions and evaluations of new and existing emission models. A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system was deployed above a corn canopy in central Illinois, USA (40°3′46.209″N, 88° 11′46.0212″W) from May through September 2014 (day of year 115–273) to measure NH3 fluxes due to chemical fertilizer application. NH3 flux was measured in four-hour periods during mornings and afternoons. Mean atmospheric NH3 concentration during the complete measurement period was 2.6 ± 2.0 μg m−3. Larger upward fluxes of gaseous NH3 were measured during the first 30 days after fertilization, with variations observed throughout the field campaign. Measured NH3 fluxes ranged from −246.0 ng m−2 s−1 during wintertime background measurements to 799.6 ng m−2 s−1 within two weeks of fertilization (where negative flux indicates deposition). Mean positive flux was 233.3 ± 203.0 ng m−2 s−1 in the morning and 260.0 ± 253.3 ng m−2 s−1 in the afternoon while mean negative flux was −45.3 ± 38.6 ng m−2 s−1 in the morning and −78.35 ± 74.9 ng m−2 s−1 in the afternoon. NH3 volatilization during the first 21 days after fertilization accounted for 79% of total nitrogen loss during the growing season. Such measurements are critical to improve understanding of agricultural NH3 emissions in managed agricultural ecosystems dominated by rotations of highly fertilized corn and moderately to lightly fertilized soybeans, such as the plot studied herein. These measurements are also important to improve understanding of how managed agricultural ecosystems impact air quality, and contribute to the global nitrogen cycle, and to evaluate current NH3 emission models.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)202-212
Number of pages11
JournalAgricultural and Forest Meteorology
Volume239
DOIs
StatePublished - May 28 2017

Keywords

  • Corn canopy
  • Maize
  • Midwest USA
  • NH flux
  • Relaxed eddy accumulation (REA)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Forestry
  • Global and Planetary Change
  • Agronomy and Crop Science
  • Atmospheric Science

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Season-long ammonia flux measurements above fertilized corn in central Illinois, USA, using relaxed eddy accumulation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this