TY - JOUR
T1 - Router support for fine-grained latency measurements
AU - Kompella, Ramana Rao
AU - Levchenko, Kirill
AU - Snoeren, Alex C.
AU - Varghese, George
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received September 20, 2010; revised May 07, 2011; accepted August 23, 2011; approved by IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING Editor K. Papagiannaki. Date of publication March 23, 2012; date of current version June 12, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award CNS-0831647 and Cisco Systems. Portions of this manuscript appeared in the ACM SIGCOMM, Barcelona, Spain, August 17–21, 2009, and the ACM Re-Architecting the Internet (ReArch), Rome, Italy, December 1, 2009.
PY - 2012/6
Y1 - 2012/6
N2 - An increasing number of datacenter network applications, including automated trading and high-performance computing, have stringent end-to-end latency requirements where even microsecond variations may be intolerable. The resulting fine-grained measurement demands cannot be met effectively by existing technologies, such as SNMP, NetFlow, or active probing. We propose instrumenting routers with a hash-based primitive that we call a Lossy Difference Aggregator (LDA) to measure latencies down to tens of microseconds even in the presence of packet loss. Because LDA does not modify or encapsulate the packet, it can be deployed incrementally without changes along the forwarding path. When compared to Poisson-spaced active probing with similar overheads, our LDA mechanism delivers orders of magnitude smaller relative error; active probing requires 50-60 times as much bandwidth to deliver similar levels of accuracy. Although ubiquitous deployment is ultimately desired, it may be hard to achieve in the shorter term; we discuss a partial deployment architecture called mPlane using LDAs for intrarouter measurements and localized segment measurements for interrouter measurements.
AB - An increasing number of datacenter network applications, including automated trading and high-performance computing, have stringent end-to-end latency requirements where even microsecond variations may be intolerable. The resulting fine-grained measurement demands cannot be met effectively by existing technologies, such as SNMP, NetFlow, or active probing. We propose instrumenting routers with a hash-based primitive that we call a Lossy Difference Aggregator (LDA) to measure latencies down to tens of microseconds even in the presence of packet loss. Because LDA does not modify or encapsulate the packet, it can be deployed incrementally without changes along the forwarding path. When compared to Poisson-spaced active probing with similar overheads, our LDA mechanism delivers orders of magnitude smaller relative error; active probing requires 50-60 times as much bandwidth to deliver similar levels of accuracy. Although ubiquitous deployment is ultimately desired, it may be hard to achieve in the shorter term; we discuss a partial deployment architecture called mPlane using LDAs for intrarouter measurements and localized segment measurements for interrouter measurements.
KW - Communication technology
KW - computer networks
KW - coordinated streaming
KW - latency measurement
KW - router
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U2 - 10.1109/TNET.2012.2188905
DO - 10.1109/TNET.2012.2188905
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84862521428
SN - 1063-6692
VL - 20
SP - 811
EP - 824
JO - IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
JF - IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
IS - 3
M1 - 6093710
ER -