TY - JOUR
T1 - Roads in northern hardwood forests affect adjacent plant communities and soil chemistry in proportion to the maintained roadside area
AU - Neher, Deborah A.
AU - Asmussen, David
AU - Lovell, Sarah Taylor
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the USDOT DTRT06-G-0018 for funding this work through the University Transportation Center (UTC) at the University of Vermont and Lintilhac Foundation for making this study possible. We also thank Jim Cota at Vermont Agency of Transportation, Jim Sullivan at the University of Vermont Transportation Research Center, Hayden Lake at Cohosh Forestry, Elizabeth Thompson, Cathy Paris, Josef Görres, Alan Howard, Nicolas LeBlanc and Kristin Williams for consultation and technical assistance. Soil chemistry analysis was performed by the University of Vermont Agriculture and Environmental Testing Laboratory ( http://pss.uvm.edu/ag_testing/ ).
Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/4/1
Y1 - 2013/4/1
N2 - The spatial extent of the transported materials from three road types was studied in forest soil and vegetative communities in Vermont. Hypotheses were two-fold: 1) soil chemical concentrations above background environment would reflect traffic volume and road type (highway. >. 2-lane paved. >. gravel), and 2) plant communities close to the road and near roads with greater traffic will be disturbance-tolerant and adept at colonization. Soil samples were gathered from 12 randomly identified transects for each of three road types classified as "highway," "two-lane paved," and "gravel." Using GIS mapping, transects were constructed perpendicular to the road, and samples were gathered at the shoulder, ditch, backslope, 10. m from the edge of the forest, and 50. m from road center. Sample locations were analyzed for a suite of soil elements and parameters, as well as percent area coverage by plant species. The main effects from roads depended on the construction modifications required for a roadway (i.e., vegetation clearing and topography modification). The cleared area defined the type of plant community and the distance that road pollutants travel. Secondarily, road presence affected soil chemistry. Metal concentrations (e.g., Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) correlated positively with road type. Proximity to all road types made the soils more alkaline (pH. 7.7) relative to the acidic soil of the adjacent native forest (pH. 5.6). Roadside microtopography had marked effects on the composition of plant communities based on the direction of water flow. Ditch areas supported wetland plant species, greater soil moisture and sulfur content, while plant communities closer to the road were characteristic of drier upland zones. The area beyond the edge of the forest did not appear to be affected chemically or physically by any of the road types, possibly due to the dense vegetation that typically develops outside of the managed right-of-way.
AB - The spatial extent of the transported materials from three road types was studied in forest soil and vegetative communities in Vermont. Hypotheses were two-fold: 1) soil chemical concentrations above background environment would reflect traffic volume and road type (highway. >. 2-lane paved. >. gravel), and 2) plant communities close to the road and near roads with greater traffic will be disturbance-tolerant and adept at colonization. Soil samples were gathered from 12 randomly identified transects for each of three road types classified as "highway," "two-lane paved," and "gravel." Using GIS mapping, transects were constructed perpendicular to the road, and samples were gathered at the shoulder, ditch, backslope, 10. m from the edge of the forest, and 50. m from road center. Sample locations were analyzed for a suite of soil elements and parameters, as well as percent area coverage by plant species. The main effects from roads depended on the construction modifications required for a roadway (i.e., vegetation clearing and topography modification). The cleared area defined the type of plant community and the distance that road pollutants travel. Secondarily, road presence affected soil chemistry. Metal concentrations (e.g., Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) correlated positively with road type. Proximity to all road types made the soils more alkaline (pH. 7.7) relative to the acidic soil of the adjacent native forest (pH. 5.6). Roadside microtopography had marked effects on the composition of plant communities based on the direction of water flow. Ditch areas supported wetland plant species, greater soil moisture and sulfur content, while plant communities closer to the road were characteristic of drier upland zones. The area beyond the edge of the forest did not appear to be affected chemically or physically by any of the road types, possibly due to the dense vegetation that typically develops outside of the managed right-of-way.
KW - Buffer zone
KW - Herbaceous plants
KW - Road width
KW - Roads
KW - Soil chemistry
KW - Traffic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874450101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84874450101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.062
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.062
M3 - Article
C2 - 23435063
AN - SCOPUS:84874450101
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 449
SP - 320
EP - 327
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -