Revision of the Neotropical treehopper genus Tolania (Hemiptera, Membracidae)

The treehopper genus Tolania Stål (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Nicomiinae: Nicomiini) and 69 valid species (59 new) are described and illustrated based on adult morphology. Ten informal species groups are recognized based on a previously published phylogenetic analysis: (1) the dira species group comprising T. calista sp. nov nov., T. dira sp. nov nov., T. inca sp. nov nov., T. macaria sp. nov nov., T. secoya sp. nov nov., and T. zaparo sp. nov nov.; (2) the fasciata species group comprising T. fasciata (Walker), T. gracilis sp. nov nov., and T. laticlava sp. nov nov.; (3) the femoralis species group comprising T. femoralis Stål, T. fraterna Stål, and T. roberti sp. nov nov.; (4) the furcata species group comprising T. furcata sp. nov nov., T. tryphena sp. nov nov., and T. venezuelensis sp. nov nov.; (5) the hispida species group comprising T. alida sp. nov nov., T. hispida sp. nov nov., and T. periculosa sp. nov nov.; (6) the malefica species group comprising T. cactina sp. nov nov., T. curvata sp. nov nov., T. grallator sp. nov nov., T. jocosa sp. nov nov., T. mackameyi sp. nov nov., T. malefica sp. nov nov., T. obliqua (Walker), and T. terencia sp. nov nov.; (7) the obtusa species group comprising T. obtusa Fowler, T. obunca sp. nov nov., and T. torosa sp. nov nov.; (8) the opponens species group comprising T. alvira sp. nov nov., T. arcuata sp. nov nov., T. damia sp. nov nov., T. insolita sp. nov nov., T. lunata sp. nov nov., T. lurida sp. nov nov., T. opponens (Walker), T. oriana sp. nov nov., T. reflexa sp. nov nov., T. risa sp. nov nov., T. sinuata sp. nov nov., T. trilobata sp. nov nov., T. tumida sp. nov nov., T. umbella sp. nov nov., T. vitocensis sp. nov nov., T. woodi sp. nov nov., and T. xantha sp. nov nov.; (9) the peltacauda species group comprising T. brasiliensis sp. nov nov., T. iratafelis sp. nov nov., T. modesta sp. nov nov., T. peltacauda sp. nov nov., T. picta sp. nov nov., and T. thyrea sp. nov nov.; and (10) the semipellucida species group comprising T. atrata sp. nov nov., T. fimbriata sp. nov nov., T. nicia sp. nov nov., and T. semipellucida Stål. The following new species are not placed in species groups: T. anomala sp. nov nov., T. corcula sp. nov nov., T. hamulata sp. nov nov., T. histria sp. nov nov., T. inornata sp. nov nov., T. laticornis sp. nov nov., T. melantha sp. nov nov., T. pogonia sp. nov nov., T. rideri sp. nov nov., and T. taura sp. nov nov. A key to the species groups and unplaced species is provided for Tolania males. The following species, previously placed in Tolania, are considered species incertae sedis: Cicada armata Stoll; Centrotus felinus Germar; Centrotus obscurus Germar; Centrotus fasciatus Walker. One new synonymy is proposed: Tolania humilis (Walker, 1858) = Tolania scutata Stål, 1862 syn. nov nov. Tolania cristata Lethierry sp. rev ev ev., is reinstated from synonymy with T. femoralis. Lectotypes are designated for T. cristata, T. femoralis, T. fraterna, and T. scutata.