TY - JOUR
T1 - Renewable diesel blendstocks and bioprivileged chemicals distilled from algal biocrude oil convertedviahydrothermal liquefaction
AU - Chen, Wan Ting
AU - Wu, Zhenwei
AU - Si, Buchun
AU - Zhang, Yuanhui
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020.
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been demonstrated as a promising technology to convert algae into biocrude oil. However, the knowledge gaps of (1) biocrude oil upgrading and (2) process/energy optimization and design of an algal biorefinery producing valuable bioproducts need to be bridged. In this study,Spirulina(SP) was converted into biocrude oilviaHTL. Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into oil and water-soluble products at about 270 °C. Analyses of density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions were carried out for the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ kg−1) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain bioprivileged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. Energy efficiency analysis also demonstrates that the fractional distillation has a lower energy consumption ratio than other HTL biocrude oil upgrading methods. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, fuel specification analysis was conducted with drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a comparable lubricity (<520 μm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH per g) and oxidation stability (>6 h) to petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil convertedviaHTL and improve the process/energy efficiency of an algal biorefineryviaHTL.
AB - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been demonstrated as a promising technology to convert algae into biocrude oil. However, the knowledge gaps of (1) biocrude oil upgrading and (2) process/energy optimization and design of an algal biorefinery producing valuable bioproducts need to be bridged. In this study,Spirulina(SP) was converted into biocrude oilviaHTL. Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into oil and water-soluble products at about 270 °C. Analyses of density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions were carried out for the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ kg−1) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain bioprivileged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. Energy efficiency analysis also demonstrates that the fractional distillation has a lower energy consumption ratio than other HTL biocrude oil upgrading methods. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, fuel specification analysis was conducted with drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a comparable lubricity (<520 μm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH per g) and oxidation stability (>6 h) to petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil convertedviaHTL and improve the process/energy efficiency of an algal biorefineryviaHTL.
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U2 - 10.1039/d0se00903b
DO - 10.1039/d0se00903b
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092186775
SN - 2398-4902
VL - 4
SP - 5165
EP - 5178
JO - Sustainable Energy and Fuels
JF - Sustainable Energy and Fuels
IS - 10
ER -