TY - JOUR
T1 - Relations between mode of birth delivery and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence
T2 - A retrospective study
AU - Chojnacki, Morgan R.
AU - Holscher, Hannah D.
AU - Balbinot, Alaina R.
AU - Raine, Lauren B.
AU - Biggan, John R.
AU - Walk, Anne M.
AU - Kramer, Arthur F.
AU - Cohen, Neal J.
AU - Hillman, Charles H
AU - Khan, Naiman A.
N1 - Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health ( HD055352 and HD069381 ), USDA NIFA ( 2011-67001-30101 ), and Abbott Nutrition via the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory (CNLM) grant to the University of Illinois.
Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (HD055352 and HD069381), USDA NIFA (2011-67001-30101), and Abbott Nutrition via the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory (CNLM) grant to the University of Illinois.
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Background: Cesarean delivery (CS) is an increasingly common mode of delivery comprising over 30% of all deliveries in the U.S. The long-term impact of this delivery mode on child development remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery (vaginal vs. CS) and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence, as well as additional milestones beyond motor/language development including toilet training, dressing, and feeding self. Study design: This study utilized a retrospective survey given to a parent/guardian and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in preadolescence, respectively. A composite z-score was calculated based on nine questions pertaining to developmental milestones i.e., parent-reported age for supporting head by self, rolling over, sitting up, standing, walking, talking, toilet-training, dressing, and feeding self. Subjects: 7–10-year-old (N = 104) children in East-Central Illinois. Outcome measures: Composite z-score for timing of attainment of developmental milestones, mode of delivery, and preadolescent adiposity. Results: Vaginally-born children had a lower composite z-score, signifying earlier attainment of developmental milestones, relative to both emergency and planned CS-born children. Further, elective CS-born children had greater adiposity in preadolescence, relative to vaginal and emergency cesarean-section born children. Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between delivery mode, developmental milestones, and obesity in preadolescence. Additionally, they provide novel insights into the differential impact of elective versus emergency CS.
AB - Background: Cesarean delivery (CS) is an increasingly common mode of delivery comprising over 30% of all deliveries in the U.S. The long-term impact of this delivery mode on child development remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery (vaginal vs. CS) and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence, as well as additional milestones beyond motor/language development including toilet training, dressing, and feeding self. Study design: This study utilized a retrospective survey given to a parent/guardian and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in preadolescence, respectively. A composite z-score was calculated based on nine questions pertaining to developmental milestones i.e., parent-reported age for supporting head by self, rolling over, sitting up, standing, walking, talking, toilet-training, dressing, and feeding self. Subjects: 7–10-year-old (N = 104) children in East-Central Illinois. Outcome measures: Composite z-score for timing of attainment of developmental milestones, mode of delivery, and preadolescent adiposity. Results: Vaginally-born children had a lower composite z-score, signifying earlier attainment of developmental milestones, relative to both emergency and planned CS-born children. Further, elective CS-born children had greater adiposity in preadolescence, relative to vaginal and emergency cesarean-section born children. Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between delivery mode, developmental milestones, and obesity in preadolescence. Additionally, they provide novel insights into the differential impact of elective versus emergency CS.
KW - Birth method
KW - Cesarean section
KW - Developmental milestones
KW - Gross motor development
KW - Language development
KW - Mode of delivery
KW - Vaginal delivery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059814050&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85059814050&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.12.021
DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.12.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 30641478
AN - SCOPUS:85059814050
SN - 0378-3782
VL - 129
SP - 52
EP - 59
JO - Early Human Development
JF - Early Human Development
ER -