Abstract
Background: Cesarean delivery (CS) is an increasingly common mode of delivery comprising over 30% of all deliveries in the U.S. The long-term impact of this delivery mode on child development remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery (vaginal vs. CS) and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence, as well as additional milestones beyond motor/language development including toilet training, dressing, and feeding self. Study design: This study utilized a retrospective survey given to a parent/guardian and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in preadolescence, respectively. A composite z-score was calculated based on nine questions pertaining to developmental milestones i.e., parent-reported age for supporting head by self, rolling over, sitting up, standing, walking, talking, toilet-training, dressing, and feeding self. Subjects: 7–10-year-old (N = 104) children in East-Central Illinois. Outcome measures: Composite z-score for timing of attainment of developmental milestones, mode of delivery, and preadolescent adiposity. Results: Vaginally-born children had a lower composite z-score, signifying earlier attainment of developmental milestones, relative to both emergency and planned CS-born children. Further, elective CS-born children had greater adiposity in preadolescence, relative to vaginal and emergency cesarean-section born children. Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between delivery mode, developmental milestones, and obesity in preadolescence. Additionally, they provide novel insights into the differential impact of elective versus emergency CS.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 52-59 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Early Human Development |
| Volume | 129 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 2019 |
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Keywords
- Birth method
- Cesarean section
- Developmental milestones
- Gross motor development
- Language development
- Mode of delivery
- Vaginal delivery
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cite this
Relations between mode of birth delivery and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence : A retrospective study. / Chojnacki, Morgan R.; Holscher, Hannah Diane; Balbinot, Alaina R.; Raine, Lauren B.; Biggan, John R.; Walk, Anne M.; Kramer, Arthur F.; Cohen, Neal J; Hillman, Charles H.; Khan, Naiman A.
In: Early Human Development, Vol. 129, 02.2019, p. 52-59.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Relations between mode of birth delivery and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence
T2 - A retrospective study
AU - Chojnacki, Morgan R.
AU - Holscher, Hannah Diane
AU - Balbinot, Alaina R.
AU - Raine, Lauren B.
AU - Biggan, John R.
AU - Walk, Anne M.
AU - Kramer, Arthur F.
AU - Cohen, Neal J
AU - Hillman, Charles H.
AU - Khan, Naiman A
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Background: Cesarean delivery (CS) is an increasingly common mode of delivery comprising over 30% of all deliveries in the U.S. The long-term impact of this delivery mode on child development remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery (vaginal vs. CS) and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence, as well as additional milestones beyond motor/language development including toilet training, dressing, and feeding self. Study design: This study utilized a retrospective survey given to a parent/guardian and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in preadolescence, respectively. A composite z-score was calculated based on nine questions pertaining to developmental milestones i.e., parent-reported age for supporting head by self, rolling over, sitting up, standing, walking, talking, toilet-training, dressing, and feeding self. Subjects: 7–10-year-old (N = 104) children in East-Central Illinois. Outcome measures: Composite z-score for timing of attainment of developmental milestones, mode of delivery, and preadolescent adiposity. Results: Vaginally-born children had a lower composite z-score, signifying earlier attainment of developmental milestones, relative to both emergency and planned CS-born children. Further, elective CS-born children had greater adiposity in preadolescence, relative to vaginal and emergency cesarean-section born children. Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between delivery mode, developmental milestones, and obesity in preadolescence. Additionally, they provide novel insights into the differential impact of elective versus emergency CS.
AB - Background: Cesarean delivery (CS) is an increasingly common mode of delivery comprising over 30% of all deliveries in the U.S. The long-term impact of this delivery mode on child development remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery (vaginal vs. CS) and timing of developmental milestones and adiposity in preadolescence, as well as additional milestones beyond motor/language development including toilet training, dressing, and feeding self. Study design: This study utilized a retrospective survey given to a parent/guardian and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in preadolescence, respectively. A composite z-score was calculated based on nine questions pertaining to developmental milestones i.e., parent-reported age for supporting head by self, rolling over, sitting up, standing, walking, talking, toilet-training, dressing, and feeding self. Subjects: 7–10-year-old (N = 104) children in East-Central Illinois. Outcome measures: Composite z-score for timing of attainment of developmental milestones, mode of delivery, and preadolescent adiposity. Results: Vaginally-born children had a lower composite z-score, signifying earlier attainment of developmental milestones, relative to both emergency and planned CS-born children. Further, elective CS-born children had greater adiposity in preadolescence, relative to vaginal and emergency cesarean-section born children. Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between delivery mode, developmental milestones, and obesity in preadolescence. Additionally, they provide novel insights into the differential impact of elective versus emergency CS.
KW - Birth method
KW - Cesarean section
KW - Developmental milestones
KW - Gross motor development
KW - Language development
KW - Mode of delivery
KW - Vaginal delivery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059814050&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85059814050&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.12.021
DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.12.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 30641478
AN - SCOPUS:85059814050
VL - 129
SP - 52
EP - 59
JO - Early Human Development
JF - Early Human Development
SN - 0378-3782
ER -