@article{d30390d0b9884a1a9a81fb99ee45768b,
title = "Reduction of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies",
abstract = "Using 1533 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the 5-yr sample of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we investigate the relationship between the projected galactocentric separation of the SNe and their host galaxies and their light curves and standardization. We show, for the first time, that the difference in SN Ia post-standardization brightnesses between high- and low-mass hosts reduces from 0.078 ± 0.011 mag in the full sample to 0.036 ± 0.018 mag for SNe Ia located in the outer regions of their host galaxies, while increasing to 0.100 ± 0.014 mag for SNe in the inner regions. The difference in the size of the mass step between inner and outer regions is 0.064 ± 0.023 mag. In these inner regions, the step can be reduced (but not removed) using a model where the RV of dust along the line of sight to the SN changes as a function of galaxy properties. We investigate the remaining difference using the distributions of the SN Ia stretch parameter to test the inferred age of SN progenitors. Comparing red (older) environments only, outer regions have a higher proportion of high-stretch SNe and a more homogeneous stretch distribution. However, this effect cannot explain the reduction in significance of any Hubble residual step in outer regions. We conclude that the standardized distances of SNe Ia located in the outer regions of galaxies are less affected by their global host galaxy properties than those in the inner regions.",
keywords = "cosmology: observations, distance scale, supernovae: general, transients: supernovae",
author = "M. Toy and P. Wiseman and M. Sullivan and D. Scolnic and M. Vincenzi and D. Brout and Davis, {T. M.} and C. Frohmaier and L. Galbany and C. Lidman and J. Lee and L. Kelsey and R. Kessler and A. M{\"o}ller and B. Popovic and S{\'a}nchez, {B. O.} and P. Shah and M. Smith and M. Aguena and S. Allam and O. Alves and D. Bacon and D. Brooks and Burke, {D. L.} and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and J. Carretero and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and Pereira, {M. E.S.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and A. Drlica-Wagner and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and B. Flaugher and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and M. Gatti and E. Gaztanaga and G. Giannini and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and Hinton, {S. R.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and O. Lahav and S. Lee and Marshall, {J. L.} and J. Mena-Fern{\'a}ndez and R. Miquel and A. Palmese and A. Pieres and Malag{\'o}n, {A. A.Plazas} and Romer, {A. K.} and S. Samuroff and E. Sanchez and Cid, {D. Sanchez} and M. Schubnell and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and Tucker, {D. L.} and V. Vikram and Walker, {A. R.} and N. Weaverdyck",
note = "We thank the referee for a thoughtful review. All authors have contributed to the drafting of this manuscript. MT devised the project and led the analysis. PW and MS provided scientific guidance and support with the production of the manuscript. MS contributed host galaxy fitting and wrote substantial sections of the manuscript, and PW ran 1D bias corrections and provided the colour and stretch analyses. DS and MV internally reviewed the work and provided extensive feedback. CF, CL, JL, LK, LG, RK, PS, and TD provided comments on the analysis and interpretation. All aforementioned authors as well as AM, BP, BS, DB, and MS contributed to the DES-SN5YR data and methods used in this paper. The remaining authors have made contributions to this paper that include, but are not limited to, the construction of DECam and other aspects of collecting the data; data processing and calibration; developing broadly used methods, codes, and simulations; running the pipelines and validation tests; and promoting the science analysis. PW and MS acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grants ST/R000506/1 and ST/Y001850/1. This work was completed in part with resources provided by the University of Chicago\u2019s Research Computing Center. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d\u2019Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants PID2021-123012, PID2021-128989, PID2022-141079, SEV-2016-0588, CEX2020-001058-M, and CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). PW and MS acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grants ST/R000506/1 and ST/Y001850/1. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants PID2021-123012, PID2021-128989, PID2022-141079, SEV-2016-0588, CEX2020-001058-M, and CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Based in part on observations at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.",
year = "2025",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/staf248",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "538",
pages = "181--197",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "1",
}