TY - JOUR
T1 - Redox Active Colloids as Discrete Energy Storage Carriers
AU - Montoto, Elena C.
AU - Nagarjuna, Gavvalapalli
AU - Hui, Jingshu
AU - Burgess, Mark
AU - Sekerak, Nina M.
AU - Hernández-Burgos, Kenneth
AU - Wei, Teng Sing
AU - Kneer, Marissa
AU - Grolman, Joshua
AU - Cheng, Kevin J.
AU - Lewis, Jennifer A
AU - Moore, Jeffrey S.
AU - Rodríguez-López, Joaquín
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2016/10/12
Y1 - 2016/10/12
N2 - Versatile and readily available battery materials compatible with a range of electrode configurations and cell designs are desirable for renewable energy storage. Here we report a promising class of materials based on redox active colloids (RACs) that are inherently modular in their design and overcome challenges faced by small-molecule organic materials for battery applications, such as crossover and chemical/morphological stability. RACs are cross-linked polymer spheres, synthesized with uniform diameters between 80 and 800 nm, and exhibit reversible redox activity as single particles, as monolayer films, and in the form of flowable dispersions. Viologen-based RACs display reversible cycling, accessing up to 99% of their capacity and 99 ± 1% Coulombic efficiency over 50 cycles by bulk electrolysis owing to efficient, long-distance intraparticle charge transfer. Ferrocene-based RACs paired with viologen-based RACs cycled efficiently in a nonaqueous redox flow battery employing a simple size-selective separator, thus demonstrating a possible application that benefits from their colloidal dimensions. The unprecedented versatility in RAC synthetic and electrochemical design opens new avenues for energy storage.
AB - Versatile and readily available battery materials compatible with a range of electrode configurations and cell designs are desirable for renewable energy storage. Here we report a promising class of materials based on redox active colloids (RACs) that are inherently modular in their design and overcome challenges faced by small-molecule organic materials for battery applications, such as crossover and chemical/morphological stability. RACs are cross-linked polymer spheres, synthesized with uniform diameters between 80 and 800 nm, and exhibit reversible redox activity as single particles, as monolayer films, and in the form of flowable dispersions. Viologen-based RACs display reversible cycling, accessing up to 99% of their capacity and 99 ± 1% Coulombic efficiency over 50 cycles by bulk electrolysis owing to efficient, long-distance intraparticle charge transfer. Ferrocene-based RACs paired with viologen-based RACs cycled efficiently in a nonaqueous redox flow battery employing a simple size-selective separator, thus demonstrating a possible application that benefits from their colloidal dimensions. The unprecedented versatility in RAC synthetic and electrochemical design opens new avenues for energy storage.
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U2 - 10.1021/jacs.6b06365
DO - 10.1021/jacs.6b06365
M3 - Article
C2 - 27629363
AN - SCOPUS:84991709151
SN - 0002-7863
VL - 138
SP - 13230
EP - 13237
JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society
IS - 40
ER -