TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid and distinct responses of particulate and mineral-associated organic nitrogen to conservation tillage and cover crops
AU - Jilling, Andrea
AU - Kane, Daniel
AU - Williams, Alwyn
AU - Yannarell, Anthony C.
AU - Davis, Adam
AU - Jordan, Nicholas R.
AU - Koide, Roger T.
AU - Mortensen, David A.
AU - Smith, Richard G.
AU - Snapp, Sieglinde S.
AU - Spokas, Kurt A.
AU - Stuart Grandy, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Rich Price and Matt Peoples for their assistance in managing the field sites and Richard Shepardson for his assistance in conducting lab analyses. This project was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture , National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Grant 2011-67003-30343 and Grant 2014-67019-21716 ) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Partial funding was provided by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. This is Scientific Contribution Number 2835. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1007001. We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Appendix A
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Particulate organic matter (POM) is considered an “active” source of nitrogen (N) in cultivated soils, responding readily to management and being more physically accessible to decomposers than mineral-associated forms of organic matter. However, there is increasing evidence that mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) can also exhibit short-term changes to management that may impact plant and microbial N dynamics. In this study, we investigated how N within soil organic matter fractions responded to three years of tillage and cover crop treatments. We collected soils from a row-crop (maize-soybean rotation) field experiment replicated across three sites in the north central and mid-Atlantic United States: a high-soil organic matter site (3.1% soil organic carbon) in Illinois (IL) and two sites in Michigan (MI) and Pennsylvania (PA) with lower soil organic matter content (1.0% and 1.4% soil organic carbon, respectively). Management treatments included two levels of tillage (chisel plow and ridge tillage) and two levels of cover crop (with and without rye cover crop). Using an optimized sonication method coupled with particle size separation, we isolated and analyzed for N content free POM, occluded POM, a coarse silt fraction, and MAOM. Using partial least squares regression, we also explored broad cross-site relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, soil N availability, and crop performance. Both particulate and fine fractions responded to tillage and cover crop treatments, but patterns varied by site and fraction. In the low-SOM MI and PA soils, ridge tillage and cover cropping both increased N within POM fractions. The response to ridge tillage was most pronounced, with a 76% and 24% increase in occluded POM N content in MI and PA, respectively. In contrast, at the IL site (high-SOM), the inclusion of cover crops led to higher N, specifically within the fine fractions (coarse silt and MAOM). Cover cropping increased MAOM N content in IL by 24%. When analyzing all sites together, variables associated with fine fractions were more closely associated with N mineralization and crop performance. MAOM can be responsive to short-term management practices and, along with POM, may also be potential sources of N for crops.
AB - Particulate organic matter (POM) is considered an “active” source of nitrogen (N) in cultivated soils, responding readily to management and being more physically accessible to decomposers than mineral-associated forms of organic matter. However, there is increasing evidence that mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) can also exhibit short-term changes to management that may impact plant and microbial N dynamics. In this study, we investigated how N within soil organic matter fractions responded to three years of tillage and cover crop treatments. We collected soils from a row-crop (maize-soybean rotation) field experiment replicated across three sites in the north central and mid-Atlantic United States: a high-soil organic matter site (3.1% soil organic carbon) in Illinois (IL) and two sites in Michigan (MI) and Pennsylvania (PA) with lower soil organic matter content (1.0% and 1.4% soil organic carbon, respectively). Management treatments included two levels of tillage (chisel plow and ridge tillage) and two levels of cover crop (with and without rye cover crop). Using an optimized sonication method coupled with particle size separation, we isolated and analyzed for N content free POM, occluded POM, a coarse silt fraction, and MAOM. Using partial least squares regression, we also explored broad cross-site relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, soil N availability, and crop performance. Both particulate and fine fractions responded to tillage and cover crop treatments, but patterns varied by site and fraction. In the low-SOM MI and PA soils, ridge tillage and cover cropping both increased N within POM fractions. The response to ridge tillage was most pronounced, with a 76% and 24% increase in occluded POM N content in MI and PA, respectively. In contrast, at the IL site (high-SOM), the inclusion of cover crops led to higher N, specifically within the fine fractions (coarse silt and MAOM). Cover cropping increased MAOM N content in IL by 24%. When analyzing all sites together, variables associated with fine fractions were more closely associated with N mineralization and crop performance. MAOM can be responsive to short-term management practices and, along with POM, may also be potential sources of N for crops.
KW - Cover crops
KW - Mineral-associated organic matter
KW - Nitrogen availability
KW - Particulate organic matter
KW - Soil organic matter fractions
KW - Tillage
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U2 - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114001
DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85074258847
VL - 359
JO - Geoderma
JF - Geoderma
SN - 0016-7061
M1 - 114001
ER -