Quantized multimode precoding in spatially correlated multiantenna channels

Multimode precoding, where the number of independent data streams is adapted optimally, can be used to maximize the achievable throughput in multiantenna communication systems. Motivated by standardization efforts embraced by the industry, the focus of this work is on systematic precoder design with realistic assumptions on the spatial correlation, channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and the receiver, and implementation complexity. For the spatial correlation of the channel matrix, we assume a general channel model, based on physical principles, that has been verified by many recent measurement campaigns. We also assume a coherent, linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver and knowledge of the spatial statistics at the transmitter along with the presence of an ideal, low-rate feedback link from the receiver to the transmitter. The reverse link is used for codebook-index feedback and the goal of this work is to construct precoder codebooks, adaptable in response to the statistical information, such that the achievable throughput is significantly enhanced over that of a fixed, nonadaptive, independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) codebook design. We illustrate how a codebook of semiunitary precoder matrices localized around some fixed center on the Grassmann manifold can be skewed in response to the spatial correlation via low-complexity maps that can rotate and scale submanifolds on the Grassmann manifold. The skewed codebook in combination with a low-complexity statistical power allocation scheme is then shown to bridge the gap in performance between a perfect CSI benchmark and an i.i.d. codebook design.