TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantitative imaging of cell membrane-associated effective mass density using Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM)
AU - Zhuo, Yue
AU - Choi, Ji Sun
AU - Marin, Thibault
AU - Yu, Hojeong
AU - Harley, Brendan A.
AU - Cunningham, Brian T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by National Science Foundation ( NSF ) Grant CBET 11-32301 , National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) R01 DK099528 and NIH R21 EB018481 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF and NIH. Porcine adipose derived stem cells were a gift from Dr. Mathew Wheeler in University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The authors would like to thank the members in Nano Sensor Groups (NSG) and Engineered Cellular Microenvironments and microstructures Lab (ECMLAB), staff in Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MNTL) and Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), the Center for Innovative Instrumentation Technology (CiiT) at UIUC for their discussion and support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Adhesion is a critical cellular process that contributes to migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and division. It is followed by the redistribution of cellular materials at the cell membrane or at the cell-surface interface for cells interacting with surfaces, such as basement membranes. Dynamic and quantitative tracking of changes in cell adhesion mass redistribution is challenging because cells are rapidly moving, inhomogeneous, and nonequilibrium objects, whose physical and mechanical properties are difficult to measure or predict. Here, we report a novel biosensor based microscopy approach termed Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) that enables the movement of cellular materials at the plasma membrane of individual live cells to be dynamically monitored and quantitatively imaged. PCEM utilizes a photonic crystal biosensor surface, which can be coated with arbitrary extracellular matrix materials to facilitate cellular interactions, within a modified brightfield microscope with a low intensity non-coherent light source. Benefiting from the high sensitivity, narrow resonance peak, and tight spatial confinement of the evanescent field atop the photonic crystal biosensor, PCEM enables label-free live cell imaging with high sensitivity and high lateral and axial spatial-resolution, thereby allowing dynamic adhesion phenotyping of single cells without the use of fluorescent tags or stains. We apply PCEM to investigate adhesion and the early stage migration of different types of stem cells and cancer cells. By applying image processing algorithms to analyze the complex spatiotemporal information generated by PCEM, we offer insight into how the plasma membrane of anchorage dependent cells is dynamically organized during cell adhesion. The imaging and analysis results presented here provide a new tool for biologists to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved with cell adhesion and concurrent or subsequent migration events.
AB - Adhesion is a critical cellular process that contributes to migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and division. It is followed by the redistribution of cellular materials at the cell membrane or at the cell-surface interface for cells interacting with surfaces, such as basement membranes. Dynamic and quantitative tracking of changes in cell adhesion mass redistribution is challenging because cells are rapidly moving, inhomogeneous, and nonequilibrium objects, whose physical and mechanical properties are difficult to measure or predict. Here, we report a novel biosensor based microscopy approach termed Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) that enables the movement of cellular materials at the plasma membrane of individual live cells to be dynamically monitored and quantitatively imaged. PCEM utilizes a photonic crystal biosensor surface, which can be coated with arbitrary extracellular matrix materials to facilitate cellular interactions, within a modified brightfield microscope with a low intensity non-coherent light source. Benefiting from the high sensitivity, narrow resonance peak, and tight spatial confinement of the evanescent field atop the photonic crystal biosensor, PCEM enables label-free live cell imaging with high sensitivity and high lateral and axial spatial-resolution, thereby allowing dynamic adhesion phenotyping of single cells without the use of fluorescent tags or stains. We apply PCEM to investigate adhesion and the early stage migration of different types of stem cells and cancer cells. By applying image processing algorithms to analyze the complex spatiotemporal information generated by PCEM, we offer insight into how the plasma membrane of anchorage dependent cells is dynamically organized during cell adhesion. The imaging and analysis results presented here provide a new tool for biologists to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved with cell adhesion and concurrent or subsequent migration events.
KW - Cancer Cell
KW - Cell Membrane-associated Effective Mass Density
KW - Label-free Imaging
KW - Live Cell Imaging
KW - Mass Density (MD)
KW - Peak Wavelength Shift (PWS)
KW - Peak Wavelength Value (PWV)
KW - Photonic Crystal (PC)
KW - Photonic Crystal Biosensor
KW - Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM)
KW - Photonic Crystal Slab
KW - Refractive Index (RI)
KW - Stem Cell
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84999266679&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2016.10.001
DO - 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2016.10.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28649149
AN - SCOPUS:84999266679
SN - 0079-6727
VL - 50
SP - 1
EP - 18
JO - Progress in Quantum Electronics
JF - Progress in Quantum Electronics
ER -