@article{7ee5b13e478b41399fd19476f5e930e8,
title = "Protorheology",
abstract = "We all instinctively poke, bounce, scoop, and observe materials to understand rheological properties quickly. Yet, these observations are rarely analyzed quantitatively. To address this, here we introduce the paradigm of protorheology: approximate quantitative inference from simple observations. Several case studies demonstrate how protorheology is an inclusive entry to rheology for a broad range of practitioners and strengthens the confidence and interpretation of accurate laboratory measurements. We survey a range of creative tests according to which rheological phenomenon is revealed. Some new working equations are derived, and all working equations are summarized for convenient reference and comparison across different methods. This establishes a framework to enable increased use of photos, videos, and quantitative inference and to support the increasing interest in digital image analysis, inverse methods, and high-throughput characterization being applied to rheological properties.",
keywords = "Fluid mechanics, Inference of properties, Inverse problems, Rheological phenomena, Rheometry",
author = "Hossain, {Mohammad Tanver} and Ewoldt, {Randy H.}",
note = "The authors thank the students enrolled in UIUC courses who helped us realize the value of shelter-in-place rheology, which grew into the larger idea of protorheology. The term “protorheology” was suggested in a brainstorming session within the Ewoldt Research Group, and the authors thank the entire group for continued discussions and refinement of these ideas. The authors thank Gareth McKinley and Sujit Datta for bringing the Yogi Berra quote to our attention; Robert Sammler and Jeffrey Martin for their perspectives as rheologists working in industry; Gareth McKinley and Jim Swan for their inspirational videos of protorheology examples; and Vivek Sharma for helpful discussions about extensional viscosity inference. The authors also thank Yilin Wang and Laura (Ellie) Porath for detailed protorheology discussions and application to their own work [], and Nikita Bondarenko, Max Friestad, and Lauren Kovanko for sharing their analysis using protorheology. This work was supported as part of the Regenerative Energy-Efficient Manufacturing of Thermoset Polymeric Materials (REMAT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign under Award No. DE-SC0023457. The authors thank the students enrolled in UIUC courses who helped us realize the value of shelter-in-place rheology, which grew into the larger idea of protorheology. The term “protorheology” was suggested in a brainstorming session within the Ewoldt Research Group, and the authors thank the entire group for continued discussions and refinement of these ideas. The authors thank Gareth McKinley and Sujit Datta for bringing the Yogi Berra quote to our attention; Robert Sammler and Jeffrey Martin for their perspectives as rheologists working in industry; Gareth McKinley and Jim Swan for their inspirational videos of protorheology examples; and Vivek Sharma for helpful discussions about extensional viscosity inference. The authors also thank Yilin Wang and Laura (Ellie) Porath for detailed protorheology discussions and application to their own work [113,114], and Nikita Bondarenko, Max Friestad, and Lauren Kovanko for sharing their analysis using protorheology. This work was supported as part of the Regenerative Energy-Efficient Manufacturing of Thermoset Polymeric Materials (REMAT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign under Award No. DE-SC0023457.",
year = "2024",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1122/8.0000667",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "68",
pages = "113--144",
journal = "Journal of Rheology",
issn = "0148-6055",
publisher = "Society of Rheology",
number = "1",
}