TY - JOUR
T1 - Proteasome activators
AU - Stadtmueller, Beth M.
AU - Hill, Christopher P.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Robert Cohen, Martin Rechsteiner, Tim Formosa, and members of the Hill lab for critical comments on the manuscript. Figures were made using Pymol ( DeLano, 2002 ). Our work on proteasomes is supported by National Institutes of Health GM59135.
PY - 2011/1/7
Y1 - 2011/1/7
N2 - Proteasomes degrade a multitude of protein substrates in the cytosol and nucleus, and thereby are essential for many aspects of cellular function. Because the proteolytic sites are sequestered in a closed barrel-shaped structure, activators are required to facilitate substrate access. Structural and biochemical studies of two activator families, 11S and Blm10, have provided insights to proteasome activation mechanisms, although the biological functions of these factors remain obscure. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the third activator family, including the 19S activator, which targets polyubiquitylated proteins for degradation. Here we present a structural perspective on how proteasomes are activated and how substrates are delivered to the proteolytic sites.
AB - Proteasomes degrade a multitude of protein substrates in the cytosol and nucleus, and thereby are essential for many aspects of cellular function. Because the proteolytic sites are sequestered in a closed barrel-shaped structure, activators are required to facilitate substrate access. Structural and biochemical studies of two activator families, 11S and Blm10, have provided insights to proteasome activation mechanisms, although the biological functions of these factors remain obscure. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the third activator family, including the 19S activator, which targets polyubiquitylated proteins for degradation. Here we present a structural perspective on how proteasomes are activated and how substrates are delivered to the proteolytic sites.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.12.020
DO - 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.12.020
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21211719
AN - SCOPUS:78650720758
SN - 1097-2765
VL - 41
SP - 8
EP - 19
JO - Molecular cell
JF - Molecular cell
IS - 1
ER -