@article{76ec1af3bf85456580d9b89353ba1c4b,
title = "Primary radiation damage: A review of current understanding and models",
abstract = "Scientific understanding of any kind of radiation effects starts from the primary damage, i.e. the defects that are produced right after an initial atomic displacement event initiated by a high-energy particle. In this Review, we consider the extensive experimental and computer simulation studies that have been performed over the past several decades on what the nature of the primary damage is. We review both the production of crystallographic or topological defects in materials as well as radiation mixing, i.e. the process where atoms in perfect crystallographic positions exchange positions with other ones in non-defective positions. All classes of materials except biological materials are considered. We also consider the recent effort to provide alternatives to the current international standard for quantifying this energetic particle damage, the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens displacements per atom (NRT-dpa) model for metals. We present in detail new complementary displacement production estimators (“athermal recombination corrected dpa” arc-dpa) and atomic mixing (“replacements per atom” rpa) functions that extend the NRT-dpa, and discuss their advantages and limitations.",
keywords = "Defect production, Displacement cascades, Thermal spike, dpa",
author = "Kai Nordlund and Zinkle, {Steven J.} and Sand, {Andrea E.} and Fredric Granberg and Averback, {Robert S.} and Stoller, {Roger E.} and Tomoaki Suzudo and Lorenzo Malerba and Florian Banhart and Weber, {William J.} and Francois Willaime and Dudarev, {Sergei L.} and David Simeone",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the OECD/NEA for setting up the initial working group that initiated this work. This work was sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, SJZ, RES, Office of Basic Energy Sciences , (grant # DEFG02-05ER46217 ), RSA, WJW. AS acknowledges support from the Academy of Finland through project No. 311472 . SLD acknowledges support from the RCUK Energy Programme [grant number EP/P012450/1 ]. Grants of computer time from CSC - the Finnish IT Center for Science as well as the Finnish Grid and Cloud Infrastructure (persistent identifier urn:nbn:fi:research-infras- 2016072533 ) are gratefully acknowledged. This work has been also partly carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has also received partial funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053 . The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Funding Information: We thank the OECD/NEA for setting up the initial working group that initiated this work. This work was sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, SJZ, RES, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, (grant # DEFG02-05ER46217), RSA, WJW. AS acknowledges support from the Academy of Finland through project No. 311472. SLD acknowledges support from the RCUK Energy Programme [grant number EP/P012450/1]. Grants of computer time from CSC - the Finnish IT Center for Science as well as the Finnish Grid and Cloud Infrastructure (persistent identifier urn:nbn:fi:research-infras-2016072533) are gratefully acknowledged. This work has been also partly carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has also received partial funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.10.027",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "512",
pages = "450--479",
journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",
issn = "0022-3115",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}