TY - JOUR
T1 - Precipitation Growth Processes in the Comma-Head Region of the 7 February 2020 Northeast Snowstorm
T2 - Results from IMPACTS
AU - Varcie, Megan M.
AU - Zaremba, Troy J.
AU - Rauber, Robert M.
AU - McFarquhar, Greg Michael
AU - Finlon, Joseph A.
AU - McMurdie, Lynn A.
AU - Ryzhkov, Alexander
AU - Schnaiter, Martin
AU - Järvinen, Emma
AU - Waitz, Fritz
AU - Delene, David J.
AU - Poellot, Michael R.
AU - Walker McLinden, Matthew L.
AU - Janiszeski, Andrew
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. Field campaigns of this size depend on the dedication and support of many individuals and institutions. We thank everyone involved in the planning, execution, and support of the IMPACTS field campaign. We also thank the NASA Earth Science Division (ESD) and Earth Venture Suborbital Program under the NASA Airborne Science Program for their support of this program. We especially thank the crews from the NASA P-3 Orion and the NASA Earth Resources 2 aircraft. This work was funded by the NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) program under Grants 80NSSC19K0355 (UIUC), 80NSSC19K0338 (UW), 80NSSC19K0399 (OU), and 80NSSC19K0328 (UND). This work has also received funding from the Helmholtz Research Program Atmosphere and Climate and by the German Research Foundation (DFG Grant JA 2818/1-1). The PHIPS deployment during IMPACTS was based on a collaboration agreement between NASA and KIT. We thank three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped substantially improve the quality of the paper.
Funding Information:
Field campaigns of this size depend on the dedication and support of many individuals and institutions. We thank everyone involved in the planning, execution, and support of the IMPACTS field campaign. We also thank the NASA Earth Science Division (ESD) and Earth Venture Suborbital Program under the NASA Airborne Science Program for their support of this program. We especially thank the crews from the NASA P-3 Orion and the NASA Earth Resources 2 aircraft. This work was funded by the NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) program under Grants 80NSSC19K0355 (UIUC), 80NSSC19K0338 (UW), 80NSSC19K0399 (OU), and 80NSSC19K0328 (UND). This work has also received funding from the Helmholtz Research Program Atmosphere and Climate and by the German Research Foundation (DFG Grant JA 2818/1-1). The PHIPS deployment during IMPACTS was based on a collaboration agreement between NASA and KIT. We thank three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped substantially improve the quality of the paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - On 7 February 2020, precipitation within the comma-head region of an extratropical cyclone was sampled remotely and in situ by two research aircraft, providing a vertical cross section of microphysical observations and fine-scale radar measurements. The sampled region was stratified vertically by distinct temperature layers and horizontally into a stratiform region on the west side, and a region of elevated convection on the east side. In the stratiform region, precipitation formed near cloud top as side-plane, polycrystalline, and platelike particles. These habits occurred through cloud depth, implying that the cloud-top region was the primary source of particles. Almost no supercooled water was present. The ice water content within the stratiform region showed an overall increase with depth between the aircraft flight levels, while the total number concentration slightly decreased, consistent with growth by vapor deposition and aggregation. In the convective region, new particle habits were observed within each temperature-defined layer along with detectable amounts of supercooled water, implying that ice particle formation occurred in several layers. Total number concentration decreased from cloud top to the 288C level, consistent with particle aggregation. At temperatures. 288C, ice particle concentrations in some regions increased to.100 L21, suggesting secondary ice production occurred at lower altitudes. WSR-88D reflectivity composites during the sampling period showed a weak, loosely organized banded feature. The band, evident on earlier flight legs, was consistent with enhanced vertical motion associated with frontogenesis, and at least partial melting of ice particles near the surface. A conceptual model of precipitation growth processes within the comma head is presented.
AB - On 7 February 2020, precipitation within the comma-head region of an extratropical cyclone was sampled remotely and in situ by two research aircraft, providing a vertical cross section of microphysical observations and fine-scale radar measurements. The sampled region was stratified vertically by distinct temperature layers and horizontally into a stratiform region on the west side, and a region of elevated convection on the east side. In the stratiform region, precipitation formed near cloud top as side-plane, polycrystalline, and platelike particles. These habits occurred through cloud depth, implying that the cloud-top region was the primary source of particles. Almost no supercooled water was present. The ice water content within the stratiform region showed an overall increase with depth between the aircraft flight levels, while the total number concentration slightly decreased, consistent with growth by vapor deposition and aggregation. In the convective region, new particle habits were observed within each temperature-defined layer along with detectable amounts of supercooled water, implying that ice particle formation occurred in several layers. Total number concentration decreased from cloud top to the 288C level, consistent with particle aggregation. At temperatures. 288C, ice particle concentrations in some regions increased to.100 L21, suggesting secondary ice production occurred at lower altitudes. WSR-88D reflectivity composites during the sampling period showed a weak, loosely organized banded feature. The band, evident on earlier flight legs, was consistent with enhanced vertical motion associated with frontogenesis, and at least partial melting of ice particles near the surface. A conceptual model of precipitation growth processes within the comma head is presented.
KW - Cloud microphysics
KW - Extratropical cyclones
KW - Snowbands
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U2 - 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0118.1
DO - 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0118.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85145434766
SN - 0022-4928
VL - 80
SP - 3
EP - 29
JO - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
IS - 1
ER -