Abstract
Power management in data centers has become an increasingly important concern. Large server installations are designed to handle peak load, which may be significantly larger than in off-peak conditions. The increasing cost of energy consumption and cooling incurred in farms of high-performance web servers make low-power operation during off-peak hours desirable. This paper investigates adaptive algorithms for dynamic voltage scaling in QoS-enabled web servers to minimize energy consumption subject to service delay constraints. We implement these algorithms inside the Linux kernel. The instrumented kernel supports multiple client clases with per-class deadlines. Energy consumption is minimized by using a feedback loop that regulates frequency and voltage levels to keep the synthetic utilization around the aperiodic schedulability bound derived in an earlier publication. Enforcing the bound ensures that deadlines are met. Our evaluation of an Apache server running on the modified Linux kernel shows that non-trivial off-peak energy savings are possible without sacrificing timeliness.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages | 63-73 |
Number of pages | 11 |
State | Published - 2003 |
Externally published | Yes |
Event | 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium RTSS 2003 - Cancun, Mexico Duration: Dec 3 2003 → Dec 5 2003 |
Other
Other | 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium RTSS 2003 |
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Country/Territory | Mexico |
City | Cancun |
Period | 12/3/03 → 12/5/03 |
Keywords
- Aperiodic task scheduling
- Dynamic voltage scaling
- Linux
- Utilization bounds
- Web servers
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Software
- Hardware and Architecture
- Computer Networks and Communications