TY - JOUR
T1 - Positive selection pressure on E2 protein of classical swine fever virus drives variations in virulence, pathogenesis and antigenicity
T2 - Implication for epidemiological surveillance in endemic areas
AU - Coronado, Liani
AU - Rios, Liliam
AU - Frías, María Teresa
AU - Amarán, Laymara
AU - Naranjo, Paula
AU - Percedo, María Irian
AU - Perera, Carmen Laura
AU - Prieto, Felix
AU - Fonseca-Rodriguez, Osvaldo
AU - Perez, Lester J.
N1 - The authors would also like to thank to D.M.V. Sara Castell from CENSA, for the technical assistance provided during the in vitro experiments and D.M.V Gerardo Hernandez Gonzalez for his outstanding animal care.
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is considered one of the most important infectious diseases with devasting consequences for the pig industry. Recent reports describe the emergence of new CSFV strains resulting from the action of positive selection pressure, due mainly to the bottleneck effect generated by ineffective vaccination. Even though a decrease in the genetic diversity of the positively selected CSFV strains has been observed by several research groups, there is little information about the effect of this selective force on the virulence degree, antigenicity and pathogenicity of this type of strains. Hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of the positive selection pressure on these three parameters of CSFV strains, emerged as result of the bottleneck effects induced by improper vaccination in a CSF-endemic area. Moreover, the effect of the positively selected strains on the epidemiological surveillance system was assessed. By the combination of in vitro, in vivo and immunoinformatic approaches, we revealed that the action of the positive selection pressure induces a decrease in virulence and alteration in pathogenicity and antigenicity. However, we also noted that the evolutionary process of CSFV, especially in segregated microenvironments, could contribute to the gain-fitness event, restoring the highly virulent pattern of the circulating strains. Besides, we denoted that the presence of low virulent strains selected by bottleneck effect after inefficient vaccination can lead to a relevant challenge for the epidemiological surveillance of CSF, contributing to under-reports of the disease, favouring the perpetuation of the virus in the field. In this study, B-cell and CTL epitopes on the E2 3D-structure model were also identified. Thus, the current study provides novel and significant insights into variation in virulence, pathogenesis and antigenicity experienced by CSFV strains after the positive selection pressure effect.
AB - Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is considered one of the most important infectious diseases with devasting consequences for the pig industry. Recent reports describe the emergence of new CSFV strains resulting from the action of positive selection pressure, due mainly to the bottleneck effect generated by ineffective vaccination. Even though a decrease in the genetic diversity of the positively selected CSFV strains has been observed by several research groups, there is little information about the effect of this selective force on the virulence degree, antigenicity and pathogenicity of this type of strains. Hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of the positive selection pressure on these three parameters of CSFV strains, emerged as result of the bottleneck effects induced by improper vaccination in a CSF-endemic area. Moreover, the effect of the positively selected strains on the epidemiological surveillance system was assessed. By the combination of in vitro, in vivo and immunoinformatic approaches, we revealed that the action of the positive selection pressure induces a decrease in virulence and alteration in pathogenicity and antigenicity. However, we also noted that the evolutionary process of CSFV, especially in segregated microenvironments, could contribute to the gain-fitness event, restoring the highly virulent pattern of the circulating strains. Besides, we denoted that the presence of low virulent strains selected by bottleneck effect after inefficient vaccination can lead to a relevant challenge for the epidemiological surveillance of CSF, contributing to under-reports of the disease, favouring the perpetuation of the virus in the field. In this study, B-cell and CTL epitopes on the E2 3D-structure model were also identified. Thus, the current study provides novel and significant insights into variation in virulence, pathogenesis and antigenicity experienced by CSFV strains after the positive selection pressure effect.
KW - antigenicity
KW - classical swine fever virus
KW - pathogenesis
KW - positive selection pressure
KW - surveillance
KW - virulence
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U2 - 10.1111/tbed.13293
DO - 10.1111/tbed.13293
M3 - Article
C2 - 31306567
AN - SCOPUS:85069810129
SN - 1865-1674
VL - 66
SP - 2362
EP - 2382
JO - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
JF - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
IS - 6
ER -