Portable and low-error DNA-based data storage

The present disclosure provides DNA-based storage system demonstrated through experimental and theoretical verification that such a platform can easily be implemented in practice using portable, nanopore-based sequencers. The gist of the approach is to design an integrated pipeline that encodes data to avoid synthesis and sequencing errors, enables random access through addressing, and leverages efficient portable nanopore sequencing via new anchored iterative alignment and insertion/deletion error-correcting codes. The embodiments herein represent the only known random access DNA-based data storage system that uses error-prone portable, nanopore-based sequencers and produces low-error readouts with the highest reported information rate and density.